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Psycho-dynamic Approach - Coggle Diagram
Psycho-dynamic Approach
Sigmund Freud
Key Assumptions
- Instincts/drives - We are born with these, such as the sex drive, and we develop through a series of sexual stages.
- Early childhood experiences - Early childhood is important in making us who we are, Freud argued most of our psychological development is completed by six years old.
- Unconscious mind - The driving force behind our behaviour.
The Mind
Preconscious
Contains thoughts and memories which are not currently in conscious awareness but we can access if desired.
Unconscious
Consists of mental processes that are inaccessible to consciousness but still influence us. Also contains threatening and disturbing memories that have been repressed, or locked away and forgotten. These can be accessed during dreams or through "slips of the tongue".
Conscious
Contains all of the thoughts, memories, feelings, and wishes of which we are aware at any given moment. This is the aspect of our mental processing that we can think and talk about rationally.
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Defence mechanisms
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Displacement - Transferring feelings from true source of distressing emotions onto a substitute target.
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Psychosexual Stages
Phallic
4 to 6yrs old. Pleasure moves to genitals, boys experience Oedipus complex, girls Electra complex.
Latency
6 to puberty. Libido, sexual pleasure is spread across the body, and it is a calm time for development.
Anal
1 to 3yrs old. Pleasure is gained from defecating, age that child is potty trained. If over keen to use the potty, anally expulsive. If parents are strict about potty use, child becomes anxious and anally retentive. As adult very organised and neat.
Genital
Puberty to death. Last stage, libido is focused on genitals and will be for the rest of life, child becomes an adult. Any fixations in the first three stages stay with the child's personality for life.
Oral
Birth to 1yrs old. Pleasure from biting and sucking, oral activities. Oral passive, sucking without teeth, aggressive, pleasure from biting and chewing. Fixation due to early weaning. Can result in biting fingernails, chewing on pens, smoking.
Oedipus complex - Boys feeling a guilt over their unconscious sexual desires for their Mothers and feeling of threat/punishment from Fathers for holding such a desire.
Electra complex - Girls feeling a guilt over their unconscious sexual desires for their Fathers and feeling of threat/punishment from Mother for holding such desires.