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Ethnicity and Crime - Coggle Diagram
Ethnicity and Crime
Anti-racist perspective, Gilroy
Rejects Lea and Young.
’Myth of black criminality’.
Attributes statistical differences due to police stereotyping and racist labelling.
Does not recognise what crime there is amongst Black British ethnic groups resulting from relative deprivation so they turn to crime for economic success.
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Evaluation
Lea and Young point out the majority of crimes committed by Black people are intracranial, so cannot display a political struggle against the White majority. This lacks relativity.
Gilroy romanticises crime and criminals, ignoring the real harm caused.
Does not use emirical evidence.
- Criminalisation
- Disproportionate
- Institutional racism
- Stop and Search
- Macpherson Report
- Canteen Culture
Institututional racism is sytsemic, they are not individual beliefs, more relating to the organisation with procedures.
Meet with a group of like-minded people with limited challenges, making comments.
These views become the view, then they do not become challenged, thus accepted.
Left Realist
Lea and Young
There are racist practices amongst the police.
Despite this, stats represent a higher grim rate for street robberies by Black youths.
British society is racist and minority ethnic groups are disadvantaged
This is especially true with young black males.
Higher rates of unemployment, less successful in the labour market suffering from higher material deprivation.
Economic and social marginalisation, with little representation in political parties, trade unions and other organisations with power and influence.
Formation of subcultures.
Lea and Young argue it would be surprising if there were not higher levels of crime in groups that are relatively deprived.
Stats of certain types of crime shows difference in offending rates between ethnic groups, so unlikely to be produced entirely by racist practices.
Minority groups have low recorded rates , yet groups such as British Asian could still be subject to racism.
recorded rates are also low for black ethnic groups for some crimes.
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Ministry of Justice 2013
Majority of population in England and Wales were white (87.1%)
Black people are disproportionately stopped and searched according the their proportion of the population.
From Stop and Search to sentencing, black groups are the most affected, Asian are also affected, but Mixed and Chinese are less affected (could be linked to education)
Black people are 2x likely to be arrested/ convicted.
Black people are almost 3x more likely to be sent to prison.
Macpherson Report
Came out in 1997, more than 4 years after Stephen Lawrence was murdered by a group of white youths.
Concluded that the investigation into the killing had been a combination of professional incompetence, institutional racism and a failure of leadership.
Stephen’s friend found that the police were questioning him in an attempt to divert away from racist intentions.
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Neo Marxist Hall
Examined the unequal structure of British society and the perceptions of the black community.
Aggressive policing tactics such as stop and search mobilised bystanders to react to discrimination.
Media legitimised police actions by portraying black community as criminal.
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Black mugging in a period of crisis for British capitalism exhibiting industrial unrest with unemployment and political unrest, with intense violence in NI.
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