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Immunity - Coggle Diagram
Immunity
Innate
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Physical and chemical barriers
- Skin, pH of GI tract, tears
Monocyte: Macrophages
- Macrophages made by monocytes
- Migrate to tissues
- Phagocytize, release cytokines and present antigens
- Secrete hydrolytic enzymes, TNF-alpha, interleukins
Cytokines
- Chemical signals produced by WBCs
- Regulate/coordinate immune system
- Inflammation regulation
NK cells
- granular lymphocytes, destroy tumor cells and virus-infected cells
Immunoglobulins (Igs)
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5 types: IgM, IgG, IgD, IgA, IgE
IgA
-found within secretions
-tears, saliva, respiratory secretions, GI fluid and breast milk
IgE
-Present in blood, low concentrations
-Elevates during allergic reactions
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Secondary Response
-Any exposer after the first
-IgG levels increase rapidly (memory cell response)
-Antigen neutralized before disease signs and symptoms
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Ways to Aquire Immunity
Active
- Exposure to antigen through illness or vaccination
- Immune system activated and memory cells produced
Passive
- Individual receives premade antibodies
- Short term, but immediate immunity
- Antibodies transferred through breast milk
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE)
- Multisystem disease
- Antinuclear antibodies (ANAs) present
- Antibody complexes deposited in tissues
-Symptoms: skin rash on cheeks(butterfly), joint inflammation, kidney damage, Raynauds phenomenon(white fingertips)
-Diagnosis: history, physical exam, lab results
-Treatment: NSAIDS, corticosteroids, methotrexate
Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA)
- Chronic joint inflammation
- Genetic factors, environmental factors, hormonal influence (females)
- Swollen and stiff joints
- Diagnosis: Rheumoid factors, deformities (swan neck)
- Treatment: NSAIDs, methotrexate, immunosuppressants
Sarcoidosis
- Chronic, multisystem disorder
- Accumulation of T cells, macrophages in organs
- Diagnosis: Chest X-ray, no blood test, biopsy of lesion
- Treatment: Good prognosis, glucocorticoids immunosuppressive agents, clears spontaneously in 50% of patients