Please enable JavaScript.
Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.
Hazard Management - EQ's and Volcanoes - Coggle Diagram
Hazard Management - EQ's and Volcanoes
Modify the Event (Prevention) - Not very important
EQ
Attempts have been made to lubricate the plate margins using oil to prevent EQ events. This is not possible.
Volcano Event
Lava diversion channels have been built - these are concrete tubes which take the lava away from settlements
Spraying lava with water to cool it. This has been done in Iceland. Would not work for a large volcano.
Dropping concrete blocks from helicopters to divert lava flows.
Modify the Vulnerability - Most important
EQ Event
Prediction
Can't be predicted.
In Japan, 5 seconds warning can sometimes be given
This is based on monitoring fore-shocks
Seismic Gap Theory - Some faults appear to un-zip and so the location of the next EQ event can be suggested along with a rough time estimate
Preparation
EQ Drills
Education - Awareness of what to do in the event of a hazard occuring
EQ Kits at home - contain food and water
Protection - Main Method for EQ
Building Codes - These are laws which say how a building should be constructed.
Landslide/avalanche barriers
Tsunami Walls
Hazard Mapping - Not allowing building in areas of high risk of liquefaction or soft rock where there is a high risk of amplification
Volcano Event
Protection
Stronger buildings to withstand ash falls
Avoid using wood as this is likely to burn in a lava flow event
Prediction - Main Method
Volcano monitoring is key - need to be able to compare eruptions to predict behaviour
Monitoring EQ events before eruption
Monitoring gas emissions
Thermal Cameras
Preparation
Education about hazard
Evacuation Practice - Need to ensure that people are moved out of danger efficientlt
Modify People's Losses - Consider idea of capacity and resilience here
Insurance
Mainly in developed countries and often only the wealthy can afford the cost of this.
Need to consider that many insurnace companies will not provide cover in areas of very high risk.
Search and Rescue for surivors of events. Quality of this is linked to wealth of country
Provision of aid - e.g. food, water and shelter. Does this need other countries to help? Slower if so.
Heavy equipment such as diggers to move rubble and search for surviors. How many of these are available?