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NCDCCCCCCCCC NOtesssssssss ahhhhhhhhhhhhhhhjhhhh, fire notes 2, Fire notes…
NCDCCCCCCCCC NOtesssssssss ahhhhhhhhhhhhhhhjhhhh
Fire safety(Fire is a Supercalifragilisticexpialidocious slave but a atrocious shifu)
Definition of a fire
Fire is a process of combustion(chemical reaction)
Fire produces heat and light in varying intensities
The triangle of combustion shows the three necessary criteria for a fire to occur. If any criteria is not met or found, a fire will not be able to take place.
Classifications of firesss
The 5/6 horesmans of fires be like:
Class A-Combustible fire
1.Caused by combustible solid materials such as newspaper, cardboard and plastics
Class B-Flammable liquid
2.Flammable/combustible liquids such as grease and petrol
Class C-Flammable gas
3.Can be triggered by a single spark in the presence of highly flammable gases such as butane and propane
Class D-Metal fire
(!Most danger!)
Combustible/flammable
metals
Class E-Cooking oil fire
Fires involving cooking oil and fats that occur in the kitchen
Class Unkown-Electrical fires
Caused by electrical equipment when it is potentially energized
Basic stages of fire development
1.Ignition(the fire develops from its point of origin)
Growth(fire spreads very rapidly)(Flashovers may occur)
3.Full development(Fully developed fire)(temperature will be at its highest)
4.Decay(Caused by depletion of oxygen/fuel, fire slowly dies now)
What to do when fire goes BRRRR?
Evacuate Building or area
IMMEDIATELY
2.Call 995(Not 911 you jerk)
4.If you are John Cena and you can WWE the fire then go to a safe place where you can
"Bang" "Pow" "Kapow" "Klonk" "Bash"
the fire
Worst case scenario
Oh NOOoOO!! You're trapped in the burning building. Wat do do?
Stay calm and do not kratos yourself down the 50 story building. You won't survive
2.Close your door and do not enter any rooms which are burning
Stay low as the smoke rises so you wouldn't inhale too much smog
4.Cover the bottom of doors with wet cloths(If possible) to keep the smoke from further entering your room.
Scream your lungs out to alert any firefighters to your location and call 995 if you have ur phone
Identifying the 6 main legal fire weapons
As a human race, we've invented weapons to kill basically everything we don't like. This section will tell you about weapons that we use to kill fires called fire extinguishers(Vapourisers)
Water extinguishers(Red)
Only suitable for extinguishing Class A fires
2.Carbon dioxide fire extinguishers(Black)
Suitable for Class B and Electrical fires
3.Foam fire extinguishers(Cream)
Suitable for Class A and B
4.Chad Dry powder fire extinguishers
(used the most in Singapore)(Blue)
Suitable for class A,B,C,D and electrical fires.
The most useful, powerful and chad fire extinguisher
5.Wet Chemical fire extinguishers(Yellow)
Suitable for class A and F fires
Hose reel
Only for combustible fires(Class A)
How to use Fire extinguisher
Method of operations(P.A.S.S)
1.Pull
2.Aim
3.Squeeze
4.Sweeping
Parts of a fire extinguishers
1.Safety pin
2.Pressure gauge
3.Flexible tube
4.Nuzzle
5.Discharge lever
6.Carrying handle
8.Base
7.Cyllinder
Safety Precautions:
1.Never use a hose reel or water fire extinguisher on type "B" , "C" and electrical fires
2.Stay low when fighting fires
Fire detection and Protection system
Fire detection and protection systems can help to:
Enhance the safety of the occupants of building by giving an early warning so that
they may escape to safety.
Alert SCDF via DECAMS (DECentralised Alarm Monitoring System) to ensure
that firefighters are notified and arrive at scene promptly.
Contain/extinguish the fire before it develops and spreads, reducing the risk and
damages caused.
The 3 Common Types of Fire Detection & Protection
Automatic Fire Alarm System
HEAT DETECTOR
Heat detectors track the temperature of air in the room. When the temperature rises to a certain amount, the heat detector will sound
Issue with this method: Air is a poor conductor of heat and it'll take time before the air in the room will increase in temperature. Thus ,there will be a time lag between onset of fire and its
detection by the heat detector.
SMOKE DETECTOR
Smoke detectors work by detecting smoke
particles produced from a fire. They activate when the composition of air in the room changes
Issue with this method: Smoke detectors do not detect heat so any particles in the air(Like dust) can easily trigger the smoke alarm
Manual Fire Alarm System
Manual ‘Break Glass’ Call Points
Facts about call points:
Can be found within 30m of any location
They are mounted at a height of 1.4m from the
floor.
Free of obstructions
Mounted against background of contrasting
colour.
How to use????
Do not punch/kick/headbutt the glass panel. When there's a fire,
PRESS
until it breaks in the event of a fire
Components om the alarm systems and alarm sounders
Gives off a continuous ringing tone clearly
distinct from all other types of warnings.
The minimum sound level produced by the sounder shall be 65db, or 5 db above the Background noise level, whichever is higher
Signals from automatic/manual call points trigger the sounder which usually can be found in lift lobbies and they help to indicate and pinpoint the location that the fire takes place.
Automatic Fire Protection System
Water sprinklers what?
How do they work?????
Water discharge is restrained by a heat-sensitive glass bulb or valve cap
Intense Heat from the fire causes the bulb to expand and burst allowing water to discharge out of the sprinkler
Advantages of this thing:
1.Triggers the fire alarm upon activation
Attacks the origin of the fire directly
3.Reduces smoke intensity and cools smoke/fire zones
Impact of this important thing:
Reduce loss of lives and property.
2.Lessen interruption to businesses.
3.Lower water-induced damage as
compared to hose streams.
The 2 types of sprinkler systems:
Wet pipe system
Standard sprinkler system, charged with water
under pressure at all times
During a fire, individual sprinklers open due to heat, causing water to flow through the sprinklers immediately
Suitable for premises where there is no danger of
water in pipe freezing
Dry pipe system
Automatic sprinklers attached to piping containing
air/nitrogen under pressure
When sprinkler opened by heat from fire, pressure reduced,
water pressure can force open the valve on supply side
Water flows into the system and out through the open
sprinklers
Used in rooms with freezing temperatures that makes wet pipe systems obsolete. Examples include freezer rooms.
Fire Hazards and Prevention(prevention is the best solution)
Fire Hazards are anything that can increase the likelihood of a fire or impede evacuation and SCDF response when a fire occurs
There are many types of fire hazards that can be found in places like in your household, school etc. I'm too lazy to type them all out so LEWIS use your brain and THINK.
Consequences of fire hazards:
Death and destruction
How to prevent the spread of orange fires:
Don't be playful and play with fire
Always turn off power sockets when not in use
Don't use faulty electronic equipment
Never keep flammable substances near heat sources
such as heaters, stoves or lamps
Don't be big bozo and obstruct fire escape passageways or fire equipment or else you'll get fined
CD knowlege
CPR and AED
First AIDS
Part 1 (Check you notes)
Part 2
Foot drill
SANA(Drug money)
Total Defence
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