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Grammar 3 - Coggle Diagram
Grammar 3
Uni t 1. The Adjectives
Concepts
Adjectives are words that describe or modify nouns or things in the sentence.
examples
the intelligent professor
the gloomy lieutenant
a sad boy
a four -year -old child
Positions
Adjectives nearly always appear immediately before the noun or noun phrase that they modify. Sometimes they appear in a string of adjectives, and when they do, they appear in a set order according to category.
types
possessive adjective (
my,''
your,''
his,''
her,''
its,''
our,'' ``their'')
is similar or identical to a possessive pronoun; however, it is used as an adjective and modifies a noun or a noun phrase
I can't complete my assignment because I don't have the textbook.
demonstrative adjectives
this,''
these,''
that,''
those,'' and ``what''
are identical to the demonstrative pronouns, but are used as adjectives to modify nouns or noun phrases.
interrogative adjective (
which'' or
what'')
is like an interrogative pronoun, except that it modifies a noun or noun phrase rather than standing on its own.
indefinite adjective
is similar to an indefinite pronoun, except that it modifies a noun, pronoun, or noun phrase.
Unit 2. Adjectives Degrees (Part A)
Positive
Positive degree names a quality of one person or thing
example
This ink is black.
Comparative
Adjectives of one syllable and some two syllable adjectives -- add -er to comparative.
big-bigger tall-taller small -samller
Many adjectives of two syllables and all of three or more syllables -- add more and most.
honest -- more honest
Figures to explain
irregular adjectives
Some adjectives are irregular and do not follow the standard rules
Good -- better bad----worse little---less
Unit 4. Othe r Considerations
Capitalizi ng Proper Adjectives
When an adjective owes its origins to a proper noun, it should probably be capitalized. Thus we write about Christian music, French fries, the English Parliament, the Ming Dynasty, a Fau lknerian style, Jeffersonian democracy.
Collective Adjectives
The difference between a Collective Nou n (which is usually regarded as singular but which can be plural in certain contexts) and a collective adjective is that the latter is always plural and requires a plural verb
examples
The rural poor have been ignored by the media.
The rich of Connecticut are responsible.
The elderly are beginning to demand their rights.
The young at heart are always a joy to be around.
Other Considerations
Adjective Clauses
If a group of words containing a subject and verb acts as an adjective, it is called an Adjective Clause. My sister, who is much older than I am, is an engineer. If an adjective clause is stripped of its subject and verb, the resulting modifier becomes an Adjective Phrase: He is the man who is keeping my family in the poorhouse.
Unit 3. Degree of Adjective (Part B)
Figures to Explain
Figures to Explain
When you want to describe how you feel, you should use an adjective (Why? Feel is a sense (linking verb). So you'd say, "I feel bad." Saying you feel badly would be like saying you play football badly. It would mean that you are unable to feel, as though your hands were partially numb.
Good or Well?
Good is an adjective, so you do not do good or live good, but you do well and live well. Remember, though, that an adjective follows sense-verbs and be-verbs, so you also feel good, look good, smell good, are good, have been good, etc.
Sure or Surely?
Sure is an adjective, and surely is an adverb. Sure is also used in the idiomatic expression sure to be. Surely can be used as a sentence-adverb. Here are some examples that show different uses of sure and surely. Light blue arrows indicate adjectives and green arrows indicate adverbs.
Pre -modifiers
Both adverbs and adjectives in their comparative and superlative forms can be accompanied by pre-modifiers, single words and phrases that intensify the degree.
We were a lot more careful this time.
He works a lot less carefully than the other jeweler in town.
We like his work so much better.