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ECOLOGİCAL RELATİONSHİPS, MICROBIOTA: term used to include all different…
ECOLOGİCAL RELATİONSHİPS
SYMBİOSİS: a close association between 2 different
hosts
MUTUALİSM: +/+ mutually beneficial relationship between two species
COMMENSALISM: +/0 relationship between two species in which one is benefited and the other is not affected ,neither negatively nor positively
PARASITISM: +/- relationship between two species in which one benefits from the other
MICROBIOTA: term used to include all different types of microorganism that live in a district of our body
microorganisms present in or characteristic of a special location
RESİDENT FLORA :microorganisms that are permanently present Normal skin flora: Staphylococcus epidermidis,
Normal flora of dental plaques: Streptococcus mutans
TRANSİENT FLORA: microorganisms that are temporarily present (e.g., E. coli or S. aureus on hands)
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NOSOCOMİNİAL İNFECTİON: acquired in a hospital setting that was not present in the host prior to admission
Nosocomial Diseases are more resistant to the drugs than other microorganism because passing from sick people to sick people they acquire properties passing a kind of natural selection
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TOXİGENİCİTY: ability of microorganism to cause disease as determined by the toxin
1)endotoxin
2)exotoxin
ENDOTOXİN :
present in the outer membrane of gram negative bacteria,
LPS
effects: fever, septic shock, organ necrosis,
lipoproteins
LPS MEDİATED TOXİCİTY:
first death of gram - bacteria
LPS is free
LPS is able to bind LPS binding proteins
after their binding to LPS the complexes bound LPS reach some receptors localized on the cell membrane of macrophages
this interactions triggering the release of proinflammatory cytokines
proinflammatory cytokines important becuase mediate important activation of the coagulation pathway,
able also to mediate the release of many inflammatory precursors
damage to blood vessels
multiple organ failure
EXOTOXİN : produced by both gram positive and gram negative
bacteria and they are further release in
the environment
proteins
Generally exotoxins are composed by two parts A :active portion which we can
describe as the toxic portion
and B portion: binding portion
For the activity of the toxic portion there is a need of a first binding between B portion and cellular receptor.
Only after this bound we can see the internalization of the active portion of the exotoxin displaying its own toxic activity
Diphtheria toxin which induce damage in host
cells by interfering with protein synthesis
Shiga and Shiga-like toxins: we have a block of
protein synthesis
PEPTİDOGLYCAN MEDİATED TOXİCİTY:
the lysis of gram-positive bacteria
release of glycopeptides and tecoic acids
bind to binding proteins
this complex interact different receptors found on macrophage cell membrane
induce the increased transcription of pro inflammatory cytokines
clinically final signal symptoms of the Sepsis caused by gram positive and gram negative bacteria is not different but the starting point and the pathogenic mechanism is completely
different.
İNFECTİON VS DİSEASE
INFECTİON: the colonization and/or invasion and multiplication of pathogenic microorganisms in the host with or without the manifestation of disease
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EMERGİNG İNFECTİOUS DİSEASE:
new disease and disease incidences
result from the use of antibiotics travel lack of vaccination
tuberculosis
hepatitis C
influenza
SARS
AIDS
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BACTERİAL VİRULENCE MECHANİSM : adherence (colonization)
invasion
degragative enzymes
exotoxin
endotoxin
induction of excess inflammation
superantigen
resistance to antibiotics
capsule
INVASİVE FACTORS: enable pathogenic microorganisms to enter and spread throughout the tissue of the host body