• Royal Prerogative Powers
  

  • Foreign policy - free to make alliances, marriages, war.
    

  • Army control.
    

  • Control Parliament and could prorogue at any time.
    

  • Help make/veto laws
    

  • Appoints Ministers and Judges
    

  • Governor of the Church of England (appointed Bishops)
    

• Parliamentary Powers (legislative function)
  

  • Bills must be passed through commons, lords, monarch
    

  • Equal legislative power as monarch
    

  • Freedom of speech while parliament was in session
    

  • Monarch no right to enter
    

  • Can impeach minister - judicial function
    

  • Right to taxation - why parliament was necessary
    

  • MPs were Unpaid (must have money to live, do it for reputation) so will veto unpopular laws.
    

Charles 1

- Shy man of few words "I mean to show what I speak in actions" made him unapproachable and uncommunicative.
- Very little political ability compared to James 1
- Lavishly spent money on himself
- Brother died at 18 - not prepared to be king.
- "Charles 1 was the most inept monarch to occupy the English throne since Henry V1" - Coward 'The Stuart Age'

• Madrid→Failure of marriage attempt 1623 with Buckingham and Charles
• Personality of Charles (and quote)→Uncommunicative, extreme positions, 'I mean to show what I should speak in actions'
• Predominant role of Buckingham→Management of royal patronage - royal bounty channeled to only few

• Marriage
  

  • Nov 1624 - Henrietta Maria
    

  • French Alliance with English help for French against Protestants, 7 english ships(Huguenot rebels at La Rochelle)
    

  • Catholic. Brought Priests with her
    

• Mansfield
  

  • Failure, land expedition rather than agreed naval with France, Caused mistrust and wasted money.
    

• James 1 and parliament→James 1 didn't call parliament for 7 years over right to formulate policy. Clashes in 1621.
• State of Parliaments→European Parliaments were being dissolved.
• Royal Property→Sold pre-Charles crown estates fallen from £200,000 in 1530s to £10,000 in 1630s..

• Money
  

  • Parliament granted Tonnage and Poundage for a year (normal monarch had it for life) due to Pro catholic french alliance, broken promises, failed war strategy
    

  • Two subsidies of (140,000) Charles needed 1 million but refused to explain specific position 
    

• Religious
  

  • Made Montague (A New Gag for an Old Goose) chaplain in 1625
    

  • Laud appearance at court
    

• Failure of Cadiz→troops lost due to consumption of too much wine and food - bad leadership from Buckingham. Wasted £140,00.
  

During
Impeachment - Eliot, Digges and others began an impeachment trial against Buckingham which Charles threatened and ended with dissolution.

Buckingham Assassinated - Aug 1628↓

- Public joy led to Charles questioning his country's loyalty
- King had to realocate the titles of offices of Buckingham (held since ealry 1620s)
- Assasination led to king falling in love with his wife.

Forced Loan of 1626-7

- Forced subjects to pay subsidies
- Collected £240,000 more than four times parliamentary subsides

• Opposition of the Forced Loan
• Billeting of soldiers→troops were trained king demanded local households put them up and feed them at their own expense.
• Marital Law→Normal legal process suspended in coastal towns to stop backlash to billeting and increased payment
• Ship money - tax levived in coastal towns to protect trade.

• Buckingham→Under serious threat of impeachment, Charles agreed to petition of right

• Petition of Right↓
  

  • Illegal to raise taxes without parliament.
    

  • Illegal to imprison without trial or cause.
    

  • Forced billeting of troops illegal imposed by martial law
    

• Failure of the Petition of Right
  

  • Failed to mention tonnage and poundage and Laud
    

Charles dissolved parliament→Due to conflict over the collection of Tonnage and Poundage and Laudianism with teh appointment of Laud and Monatgue.

Leadership of Parliament→changed with Wentworth moving to kings service beliving the petition of right would solve problems, Coke retiring.

Speaker held down - three resolutions passed - denouncing of arminiaism and unlawful claim of Tonnage and Poundage.

Removal of main opposition→Sir Edward Coke, Seymour, Phelips and Wentworth (made sheriffs) to remove from Parliament

• York House→Feb 1626 Buckingham chaired York House resulted in Charles brought further to Laudianism as he insated Laud.

• England, Scotland, Ireland and Wales.→Only second monarch to rule over Clash of religion - key to deliver political messages through the church