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5 NATIONALISM: INDEPENDENCE AND UNIFICATIONS & 6 SPAIN, ABSOLUTISM AND…
5 NATIONALISM: INDEPENDENCE AND UNIFICATIONS & 6 SPAIN, ABSOLUTISM AND LIBERALISM
NATION AND NATIONALISM
Nationalism was the political interpretation
Napoleon and the Congress of Vienna organised the map of Europe
Liberal economy
Liberalism
Different types of nationalist movements
Unifying movements
Independence movements
THE UNIFICATION OF GERMANY
The German Confederation replaced the Holy Empire
The German Confederation had an assembly called the Diet
In 1834, Prussia took the initiative and created the Zollverein or Customs Union, excluding Austrians
The German chancellor Otto von Bismarck, was under the reign of William I
After the French were defeated, the Second German Empire was declared
THE INDEPENDENCE OF LATIN AMERICA
The Napoleonic invasion 1808
Urban development
Quito
Bogotá
Mexico City
Buenos Aires
Caracas
Independence process
After regaining the Spanish throne, Fernando refused to make changes in the colonies and rebellions started happening
Consequences of the emancipation of Latin America
Political consequences
Economic consequences
Social consequences
THE REIGN OF ISABEL II: MODERATE LIBERALISM
Isabel had two regents:
Her mother María Cristina
General Espartero
New liberal regime
Two-party system
Constitutions
Establishment of a constitutional monarchy
Centralism
Military victory over the Carlists
Desamortizaciones
Military Rebellions
Military uprising
Bienio Progresista 1854-1856
Crisis of moderantism 1856-1868
Década Moderada 1844-1854
Progressives, democrats, republicans and the Liberal Union
Signed the Pact of Ostend 1866
THE UNIFICATION OF ITALY
Italians felt part of a cultural and historical unit
The north was occupied by Austria
Naples and Sicily formed a monarchy
Tuscany, Parma and Modena were located in the central area
Piedmont-Sardinia independent
Cavour was the prime minister of Piedmont
Naples and Sicily were occupied by nationalist revolutionary Garibaldi
They were annexed to Piedmont
The pope was confined in the Vatican City
The end result was the unification of the country
Politically was a parliamentary monarchy and the king was Victor Emmanuel II of Savoy
THE REIGN OF FERNANDO VII AND THE RETURN TO ABSOLUTISM
Riego revolted against Fernando VII
This started the Trienio Liberal
Moderate liberals were known as doceañistas
DÉCADA OMINOSA
An army of French soldiers and Spanish volunteers called the Hundred Thousand Sons of Saint Louis invaded Spain
Isabel succeed Fernando VII
And this was the First Carlist War
SEXENIO DEMOCRÁTICO: DEMOCRATIC LIBERALISM
Spanish political conflicts
The democratic monarchy under Amadeo I 1871-1873
The First Republic 1873-1874
(The second Republic 1931-1936)
The Revolution of 1868
General Pavia's Coup D'etat
