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Legacy of Greece - Coggle Diagram
Legacy of Greece
Philosophy
The logical study of basic truths about knowledge, values, and the world
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As early as 600 B.C., Greek thinkers had begun to try and explain the world using reason instead of myths
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Socrates
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Many people liked Socrates' teaching, but his enemies brought him to trial on charges of causing young people to rebel
The jury sentenced him to death, he died by drinking hemlock, a poison
Plato (427 - 347 B.C.)
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Started the Academy, an important school of higher learning
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History
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The Greeks examined the past and tried to determine the facts and the significance of historical events
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Democracy
After Athens developed democracy, other Greek city-states also adopted that form of government
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This Greek idea of democracy have been adapted by many countries, eg. United States
Science and Technology
Astronomy
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Aristarchus
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Tried to estimate the size of the sun, though his results were inaccurate
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Ptolemy
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Created mathematical system that describes the motions of the sun, the moon, and all of the known planets
His system was used by astronomers for the next 1400 years, until in the A.D. 1500s, new evidence and mathematics proved that the Earth and the other planets revolve around the sun
Mathematics and Physics
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Hellenistic scientists employed mathematics that had been developed by Greek and Hellenistic mathematicians
Euclid
Mathematician, wrote a set of books called Elements, where he organized much of what was known about math
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Many Greek and Hellenistic mathematicians specialized in geometry - the study of lines, angles, circles, and other forms
Archimedes
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Inventor, developed the compound pulley
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Hypatia
The first noted female mathematician, taught at Alexandria
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Wrote about the works of Ptolemy, Euclid and geometry
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By the 200s B.C., Alexandria, Egypt had replaced Athens as the leading cultural center
Arts and Architecture
Drama
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Writers submits plays to the city leader, who chose the ones he thought were the best
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Actors were all men, they played the women characters as well as male characters
Often the plays included a large chorus that danced, sang, and recited lines that commented on the action in the plays
Two forms:
Comedy
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Greek comedy often made fun of politics, important people, and ideas of the time
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Tragedy
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Common themes: love, war, hate
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Sculpture
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Greeks spent much of their time outdoors, thus many works of art were located outside
Many Greek sculptures portrayed the gods. Such sculptures were often placed in temples built to honor the gods.
One of the most famous statues, made by Phidias, was created to honor Athena, located inside the Parthenon
Made with gold and ivory, stood more than 30 feet tall
Architecture
Greek architects design temples, theaters, meeting places, and the homes of wealthy citizens
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Parthenon: temple for Athena, built by a group of architects that Pericles appointed in 447 B.C. to build the temple