Please enable JavaScript.

Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.

Bacterial Structure - Coggle Diagram

- - - - Vegitative = growth
      - Sporulaiton under stress
      - Dormant spores
      - germination
  - - - Fluoroquinolones (ciprofloxacin) inhibit gyrase resulting in double stranded breaks
- - - - Grow well in presence of oxygen
      - obligate aerobes require oxygen
      - Facultative anaerobes can live with or without oxygen
    - - Grow best in absense of oxygen
      - microaerophilic or aerotolerant anaerobes tolerate low oxygen
      - Obligate anaerobes cannote tolerate oxygen
- - - - Has a second outer lipid bilayer membrane (periplasmic space is between these membranes)
      - Outer membrane proteins (porins) enable diffusion across outer membrane (small things, di and tri peptides or polysaccharides)
      - Unique to gram-neg bacteria is lipid component of outer membrane is made of lipopolysaccharides (LPS)
    - - Thick peptidoglycan cell wall (resist lysis by complement, but can still be opsonized)
      - Teichoic acids (unique to gram-positives) and lipoteichoic acids (polymers of ribitol or glycerol phosphates)
      - Other proteins (fibrillar layer)
  - - - Isoniazid
        
        inhibits mycolic acid production
      - Ethambutol
        
        inhibits arabinogalactan production
      - Pyrazinamide
        
        interferes with fatty acid synthesis
- - - - Beta lactams
        
        penicillins G and V, cephalosporins (first four kinds), carbapenems
        
        Inhibit transpeptidation (D-Ala-D-Ala)
      - Vancomycin
        
        inhibits backbone polymerization and
        
        transpeptidation (binds D-Ala-D-Ala, note difference
        
        with β-lactams)
    - - Murein backbone
      - Interchain crosslinking is very important for structure
    - - Transport through cytoplasmic membrane
      - Build blocks in cytoplasm
      - Polymerize backbone (Inhibited by vancomycin)
      - Cross link peptides (causes rigidity)
        
        Penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs) perform the crosslinking
        
        Some gram-positive cells have a pentaglycine bridge to form cross links
  - - - Embedded in membrane, endotoxin activity
      - Beta hydroxy myristic acid
      - Recognized by TLR4
    - - highly conserved among different bacteria
    - - may be present or not, depending on species
      - repeating units of sugars
      - smooth with O antigen
      - rough without O antigen
      - antigenic and highly variable among species and
        strains