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Bacterial Structure - Coggle Diagram
Bacterial Structure
"Optional Structures"
Capsule (slime layer)
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Virulence - inhibits phagocytosis, sometimes complement
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Nucleoid
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No nucleus, no nuclear membrane - immediate translation upon transcription
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Metronidazole reduced by anaerobes, forms reactive oxygen, damages DNA
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Metabolism
Most metabolic pathways are similar if not identical to ours, therefore not able to be targeted by antibiotics
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Respiration involves an inorganic electron receptor (O2, SO4, NO3)
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Cell Walls
Gram Stain
Gram Negative (pink)
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Outer membrane proteins (porins) enable diffusion across outer membrane (small things, di and tri peptides or polysaccharides)
Unique to gram-neg bacteria is lipid component of outer membrane is made of lipopolysaccharides (LPS)
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Growth
Lag, followed by exponential growth, stationary period, death
Most antibiotics really only work during growth. If nothing is happening, there's nothing to inhibit
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"Essential" Components
Peptidoglycans
Antimicrobials
Beta lactams
penicillins G and V, cephalosporins (first four kinds), carbapenems
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Vancomycin
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transpeptidation (binds D-Ala-D-Ala, note difference
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Synthesis
- Transport through cytoplasmic membrane
- Build blocks in cytoplasm
- Polymerize backbone (Inhibited by vancomycin)
- Cross link peptides (causes rigidity)
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