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`REALIST VIEW OF CRIME - Coggle Diagram
`REALIST VIEW OF CRIME
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RIGHT REALIST
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Less concerned with causes of crime, more concerned with practical and realistic solutions to crime
Causes of crime
Marginalisation
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Leads to frustration and resentment amongst these groups and can lead to criminal behaviour to improve their situation
Sub cultures
CLOWARD + OHLIN + COHEN - ideas of blocked opportunities + a groups inability to achieve goals through legitimate means
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Criminal subcultures still subscribe to the goals + values of society e.g. materialism/consumerism e.g. Ghettos in America hooked on Gucci
Relative deprivation
LEA + YOUNG - suggested that deprivation is at the root of criminality, not poverty
In 1930's poverty was high, but crime rates were low - instead they argue that as living standards have have risen, so has peoples feelings of being deprived compared to others
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Causes of crime
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Rational choice
CLARKE - assumes that individuals have free will and the power of reason so criminals have made the choice to commit a crime
CLARKE argues that if the perceived cost of committing the crime is outweighed by the benefit, then people will be more likely to offend
Right realists believe that the current costs of crime are too low which is why the crime rate has increased
Biological differences
WILSON + HERNSTEIN - put forward a biosocial theory of crime. They believe that crime is caused by a combination of biological/social factors
They believe that some people are more predisposed to crime through personality traits, such as aggressiveness
View on tackling crime
Left realists believe that in order to tackle crime, you first need to to tackle the social problems which lead to crime - esp inequality/deprivation
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View on tackling crime
Right realists believe that it is not beneficial to tackle the causes of crime as they are difficult to change
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WILLSON + KELLING'S ZERO TOLERANCE THEORY - target hardening focuses it on making it harder for crimes to be committed in the first place + zero tolerance means all criminal behaviour must be dealt with immediately
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Relative deprivation cannot explain all crime as not all those that experience it go on to commit crime