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P4 (Radioactivity, Models, Radiation, Risk of Radiation, Protons = +1
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P4
Radioactivity
Activity - The rate at which a source decays, measured in becquerels
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Radiation
Alpha
- Consists of 2 neutrons and 2 protons
- Absorbed by sheet of paper
- Range in air = few centimetres
- Ionising power = Strong
- Eg. Smoke detectors
Beta
- Consists of fast moving electron from nucleus
- Absorbed by sheet of aluminium
- Rang in air = Few Metres
- Ionising power = Moderate
- Eg. Material thickness testing
Gamma
- Consists of electromagnetic radiation from nucleus
- Absorbed by thick sheets of lead
- Range in air = Longer distances
- Ionising power = Weak
- Eg. Medical Tracers
Risk of Radiation
Radiation can enter a living cell, ionising atoms within it
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Mass Number - Top Number - Total number of protons and neutrons in an atom
Atomic Number - Bottom Number - Number of protons in an atom (equal to charge of nucleus)