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NATIONALISM: INDEPENDENCE AND UNIFICATIONS, image, image, image, image,…
NATIONALISM: INDEPENDENCE AND UNIFICATIONS
NATION AND NATIONALISM
Liberalism
Was important when establishing the legitimacy of state power in national sovereignty and citizenship.
Napoleon and the Congress of Vienna
Had organised the map of Europe based on their interests
The development of the liberal economy
States with internal markets free throughout the territory, favoured economic growth and industrialisation
Types of nationalist movements
Independence movements
Unifying movements
Latin America (LA)
The independence of LA
The people, most of whom were criollos
The juntas marked the start of the road to independence for the LA
Urban development in cities
Independence and formation of the south american startes
The independence process was violent
Fernando VII refused to make changes in the colonies
A major revolt broke out in Mexico in 1810
Indigenous people took part
Leaders of LA independance
Simón Bolívar
Was a rich criollo who owned a lot of land in Venezuela
José de San Martín
He served in the Spanish army for 22 years
In his own words, he supported not strong men, but strong civil power.
Consecuences of the emancipation of LA
Social consequences
The criollos obtained the political power they wanted and consolidated their economic power
Political consequences
The military imposed itself on civil governments
Economic consequences
Spain lost its main source of precious metals and certain markets which were supplied by products from the Iberian Peninsula
The Napoleonic invasion of Spain in 1808 had repercussions in Latin America
The unification of Germany
The German Confederation replaced the Holy Empire
Prussia maintained an authoritarian and disciplined political and military organisation
The German Confederation had an assembly, called the Diet
Chaired by the Austrian emperor.
It was opposed to liberalism and nationalist movements
Prussia created the Zollverein or Customs Union
The Revolution of 1848
Frightened the middle class
Bismarck declared war on Denmark
Prussians occupied Paris, declaring the Second German Empire
Otto von Bismarck
Chancellor
Unified Germany was the centre of many imperialist agreements and diplomatic alliances of lasting historical significance.
Unification of Italy
They were divided into many territories with different political systems
There was an independent kingdom, Piedmont-Sardinia, ruled by the Savoy dynasty.
The rest of the north was occupied by Austria. It was the richest region and included Milan and Venice.
Naples and Sicily in the south formed a monarchy governed by the Bourbon dynasty.
Tuscany, Parma and Modena were located in the central area, and Pope Pius IX reigned over the Papal States (Rome)
Cavour (prime minister of Piedmont)
Allied with the French and defeated the Austrians at the battles of Magenta and Solferino
Naples and Sicily were occupied by nationalist revolutionary Garibaldi and also annexed to Piedmont.
The pope had to renounce the Papal States and was confined to Vatican City.
The end result
A unified country, Italy
With a moderate political regime
Parliamentary monarchy
Censitary suffrage
