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ATOMS, MOLECULES AND IONS. - Coggle Diagram
ATOMS, MOLECULES AND IONS.
Periodic Table
The periodic table of chemical elements, often called the periodic table, organizes all discovered chemical elements in rows (called periods) and columns (called groups) according to increasing atomic number.
Ionization Energy
Ionization energy, also called ionization potential, in chemistry and physics, the amount of energy required to remove an electron from an isolated atom or molecule.
Electron Affinity
Electron affinity is defined as. The amount of energy released when an electron is added to a neutral atom to form an anion.
ATOMS
The smallest part of a substance that cannot be broken down chemically. Each atom has a nucleus (center) made up of protons (positive particles) and neutrons (particles with no charge). Electrons (negative particles) move around the nucleus.
Atomic Symbol
An atomic symbol is a representation of chemical elements using one or two letters. Every element of the periodic table is represented by a different symbol. Exa:- Sodium - Na, Calcium- Ca. (2) Chlorine - Cl.
Atomic Weight
Atomic weight, also called relative atomic mass, ratio of the average mass of a chemical element's atoms to some standard.
Atomic Number
Atomic number, the number of a chemical element in the periodic system, whereby the elements are arranged in order of increasing number of protons in the nucleus. Accordingly, the number of protons, which is always equal to the number of electrons in the neutral atom, is also the atomic number.
IONS
Ion, any atom or group of atoms that bears one or more positive or negative electrical charges. Positively charged ions are called cations; negatively charged ions, anions.
Positives
Small molecules that have gained a positive charge. Most forms of pollution, toxic chemicals, pet dander, pollen, mold, and other harmful chemicals in the air carry a positive electrical charge, making them positive ions.
Negatives
Are molecules floating in the air or atmosphere that have been charged with electricity. Negative ions exist in nature in tons of places, including: ultraviolet (UV) rays from the sun. discharges of electricity in the air after a thunderclap or lightning strike.
MOLECULES
The smallest particle of a substance that has all of the physical and chemical properties of that substance. Molecules are made up of one or more atoms.
MOLECULAR MASS
The sum of the atomic masses of all atoms in a molecule, based on a scale in which the atomic masses of hydrogen, carbon, nitrogen, and oxygen are 1, 12, 14, and 16, respectively.
Avogadro's Number
Avogadro's number tells us the number of particles in 1 mole (or mol) of a substance. These particles could be electrons or molecules or atoms. The value of Avogadro's number is approximately 6.022140857×1023 mol−1.