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Haematology, What is blood, Erythrocytes (Red Blood Cells), Haematopoiesis…
Haematology
study of blood, blood forming organs and diseases.
diagnosis, monitoring and treatment of disorders of the blood and blood forming organs (bone marrow, spleen, liver, lymph nodes, thymus) and the proteins involved in bleeding and clotting
diagnosis of a variety of benign and malignant disorders of the red and white blood cells, platelets, and the coagulation system.
The role of the haematologist Working as part of a clinical team looking after patients with a spectrum of haematological
disorders
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Screen, diagnose and measure the severity
of disease
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What is blood
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Made of two major components: plasma (liquid, largely made of water) and formed elements, which are suspended in the plasma (red blood cells, white blood cells and platelets).
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Formed elements** (45%) Erythrocytes (Red blood cells) Thrombocytes (platelets) Leukocytes (white blood cells)**
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Haematopoiesis
the process of blood cell formation maturation of blood cells (RBCs, WBCS & Platelets) as they progress from being precursor stem cells in the bone marrow to fully functioning mature cells found in the blood
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RBCs Carry oxygen, Anaemia-low RBCs=hypoxia
WBCs**Fight infection, part of the immune
and inflammatory response eukopenia- low** WBCs=infection
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Bone Marrow
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At birth all the bone marrow is active in blood production and it is called ‘red active marrow’ because although it produces all blood cell types, the huge number of erythrocytes makes it red.
A bone marrow biopsy provides information about the status of blood cell production, the number of the blood cells and the presence of abnormal cells, as found in cancers.
Bone marrow production activities: Erythropoiesis, Leukopoiesis, Thrombopoiesis
Haematological System
Consists of blood, blood vessels and blood cells, lymph
and organs involved in formation of blood and storage
main functions:
Transportation: Circulation of gases, nutrients,
hormones, metabolic wastes
*Protection: prevent blood/fluid loss via haemostasis(coagulation) & contributes to immune and inflammatory response.*
Regulation: pH, body temperature, acid-base & fluid electrolyte balance,
Plasma
other constituents
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➢Hormones (insulin, glucagon, thyroid hormone)
➢Nutrients (amino acids, glucose, minerals, vitamins, fatty acids)
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➢Waste products (e.g., urea, metabolites)
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➢Gases (oxygen, carbon dioxide, carbonic acid)
What is plasma used for:
The plasma can be used in transfusions,
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• Patients with trauma, burn and shock
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• Boost blood volume, preventing shock
largest single component of the blood
Carries **thrombocytes, erythrocytes and leukocytes around the body and contains a wide range of proteins.**
Proteins: albumin, antibodies, clotting proteins (fibrinogen) and other substances