The Classical Studies
Social
Sherif
22 11 year old boys, protestant oklahoma
in group phase - 2 weeks to bond eagles and rattlers two boys dropped out
friction phase - competition between the boys, tug of war and captre the flag, predice was shown 'cheat' etc
integration phase - superordinate goal fixing the water supply for money to a movie
competition does cause prejudice but superordinate goals can reduce
Cognitive
Baddeley
72 ppts male and female from cambridge univerrsity panel
list of 10 words appeared on screen for 3 seconds each, given a distractor task of putting digits in order, happened 4 times, surprise 5th trial
semantically dissimilar were harder to recall, acoutsically dissimilar were harder to recall
Biological
Raine
41 NGRIs and control group, 2 schizophrenics, 2 females
off meds for 2 weeks, visual targeting test, 10 mins inected with tracer, 32 mins later did PET scan
less connected corpus collosum, higher acivity in right amygdala, less activity in pre frontal lobe.
Learning
Watson and Rayner
9m old albert - 11 month old alber
9m - presented with rat, rabbit, fire, dog, not scared of anything other than loud noise on metal
11m - paired the bang with the white rat 6 times
albert cried and crawled away from the rat withit the bang, the fear was generalised to other things like fluffy santa mask, pulled out before unconditioned
Child
Van Ijzendoorn and Kroonenberg
32 studies across 8 cultures, 1990 children
meta analysis on ainsworth's strange situation, didnt look at any with special needs, only mother and child, none over 2
UK had highest secure attachment, West Germany had highest avoidant and Israel had highest resistant
Clinical
Rosenhan
5 males 3 females, 12 hospitals across 5 states
called and said they were hearing voices 'thud' 'hollow' etc, diagnosed with schizophrenia or one with manic depression, in hopsitals for average of 19 days (7-52), normal behvaiors like writing in diary were seen as part of the illness, 2100 pills were administered 2 were swalllowed, 35 of the 118 real patients suspected they were fakes, said voices stopped when they were admitted
no sanity vs insanity