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B1 (Specialised Cells, Microscopy, Diffusion, Eukaryotic - Animal Cells,…
B1
Specialised Cells
Sperm Cell - Long tail and streamlines head for swimming to the egg - lots of mitochondria for swimming fast
Muscle Cell - Long so they have space to contract, and lots of mitochondria for energy
Nerve Cell - Long to cover a large distance, a branched to form a network of connections
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Xylem and Phloem - Xylem cells are hollow and phloem cells have fewer subcellular structures, so substances can easily flow through
Microscopy
Electron microscopes were invented later than light microscopes. They have a higher magnification and resolution than light microscopes. Hospitals will use these where in school we will use light microscopes.
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Diffusion
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- High concentration gradient
- High temperature
- Large Surface area
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Eukaryotic - Plant Cells
- Nucleus
- Cytoplasm
- Ribosomes
- Cell Membrane
- Mitochondria
- Cell Wall
- Chloroplasts
- Permeant Vacuole
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Stem Cells
Undifferentiated cells, which can divide to produce lots of stem cells, and can differentiate into many other different types of cells
Osmosis
The movement of water molecules across a partially permeable membrane from a region of high to low water concentration
Active Transport
The movement of a substance against the concentration gradient. Unlike diffusion or osmosis, it requires energy from respiration.
Exchange Surfaces
- Large Surface Area
- Thin Membrane
- An Efficient Blood Supply
- Ventilation