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Militarism- The belief that a strong military is a necessity in order to…
Militarism- The belief that a strong military is a necessity in order to preserve the future of a nation and its interests.
Alliances
Central Powers
Ottoman Emipre- Because of their lack of industrialization and the widespread use of out-of-date equipment, the Ottomans were almost always outclassed by their German allies and the British and ANZAC forces they often fought against.
Bulgaria- Bulgaria was a relatively strong country and had a reasonably modernized army. Because of their size, they weren't as effective or successful as Germany.
Austria-Hungary- Fared very poorly due to their geographic location, their wide cultural differences and language barriers, lack of national unity, and a backward economy and government system led them to perform poorly very consistently throughout WW1.
Germany- Germany had the second largest land army, with a massive industry to support the industrialization and modernization of its forces, tied with one of the most advanced military doctrines out of any of the major powers. Germany employed new tactics and the first examples of the German "Blitzkrieg" was observed in the Italian Alps.
Allied Powers
France - Formed the bulk of the Allied fighting force in mainland France. They saw some of the heaviest fighting and experienced extreme industrial and agricultural damage that took years to rebuild.
Russia - Entered WW1 with the largest army in the world but eventually withdrew from the war due to civil unrest, extreme war exhaustion, and lack of continued support for the war.
United States of America - Joined the war extremely late and with reluctance, the American Expeditionary force helped refill and relieve nearly destroyed French and British units. The influx of US materials into the Allied Powers was necessary for the continuation of the Allied war effort.
ANZAC Forces - These were a combination of British colonies and protectorates, such as New Zealand, the British Raj, Australia, Canada, and British Malaya. These forces are most known for the disastrous Battle of Gallipoli.
Japan - Played a relatively insignificant role in WW1, seized German colonial holdings in the Pacific and mainland China.
Britain - Had a massive navy to protect its colonial interests and used this navy to enact a naval blockade against Germany for most of WW1. British manned the front lines alongside the French and participated in some of the bloodiest fighting of the war In the Battle of Verdunne and the Battle of the Somme.
Italy- Italy started WW1 with a relatively small army and based on false promises of land and glory. Out-of-date equipment tied with incompetent Italian generals made the Italian Alps one of the deadliest fronts in recorded history.
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Nationalism- The belief in the superiority of ones country, culture, and way of life over those around it. Feelings of patriotism and pride are often associated with Nationalism.
French Nationalism - For over 40 years, the loss of important provinces such as Alsace and Lorraine was a source of tension and nationalism for France. The French rulers were also preoccupied with the "race for empire" and securing France's position in Europe, especially against a rapidly industrializing and militarizing German empire.
German Nationalism - The turmoil of 1848 and a series of revolutions that swept through Western Europe sparked the process of German unification. Change and political transformation were demanded by movements in Prussia, Bavaria, Baden, and Saxony, one of which was German unification.
British Nationalism - Germany's unification in 1871 refocused British suspicion and paranoia. By the beginning of the twentieth century, Britain had abandoned its policy of European non-intervention and had begun to form alliances, such as the "Triple Entente" alliance with Russia and France in 1907.
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