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Russia Key Issue 5 - Coggle Diagram
Russia Key Issue 5
NKVD
Yagoda 1891-1938
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Instrumental in the 1934 assassination of Kirov, who was a potential rival to Stalin
Prepared the first of the public purge trials (August 1936) where Kamenev, Zinovyev were executed
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Yezhov 1895-1940
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He perpetrated the Yezhovshchina, the elimination of Stalin's enemies
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Stalinism
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Stalin wanted to provide educational facilities that would allow the USSR to produce its own skilled technicians
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Supported a return to family traditions such as marriage, divorce made difficult and abortion illegal
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The Supreme Soviet was the law making body of the USSR and consisted of the Soviet of the Union and the Soviet of Nationalities
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The main decision-making body of the Party was the Politburo, had all the power
During elections voting was done by secret ballot and was allowed for all men and women aged over 18
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The Soviet Union remained effectively governed by the Presidium that was made up of leading members of the Communist Party
Yezhovshchina
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Estimated between 600,000 and 1.2 million people were murdered by the government
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In a month, over 100,000 had been arrested and 14,000 sent to gulags in 1937
The NKVD relied on informers, so an atmosphere of fear was created
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Trial of 17, January 1937 was the trial of 17 communists accused of plotting with Trotsky
Military Purge, May-June 1937 included the arrest of Tukhachevsky, accused of plotting with Trotsky
50% of the officer corps in the military were executed or imprisoned, alongside 11 war commissars and 8 admirals
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Trial of 21, March 1938 was the trial of 21 communists accused of belonging to a rightist bloc (Bukharin, Yagoda included)
1/3 of all Party members had been purged by then end of 1938, many accused of 'Trotskyite conspiracy'
Gulag inmate numbers went from 800,000 in 1935 to anything between 5.5 to 9.5 million in 1398
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Conditions were appalling, inadequate clothing, poor accommodation, and minimal health care
In 1940 Trotsky was tracked down and assassinated, making sure the last old Bolshevik was gone
Stalin's personality made him suspicious and paranoid, he was obsessed with reinforcing his own position and eliminating rivals
Stalin's Russia
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In 1946, Stalin required that all the Christian denominations in the USSR come under the authority of the Orthodox Church
Purges and Terror
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Local Party activists promoted terror, confident that is what their leader wanted
Terror was self-escalating and was used by individuals to settle personal scores, get rid of rivals and open avenues of promotion
Areas of society were also deprived of skilled personnel. Including teachers, engineers.
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