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media representation of ethnicity - Coggle Diagram
media representation of ethnicity
Van Dijk
- 3 representations of ethnic minorities
criminal
journalists have demonised black people, particularly as criminal for decades
sveinsson
= crime is reported differently for white criminals compared to black criminals e.g. mentally ill
back
= uprisings from African-American communities are always riots
threat
muslims / islam
poole
= islam has always been demonised and see as a threat to security (associated with fundamentalism)
'backward, irrational, unchanging misogynists who are threatening in the use of their faith for political + personal gain'
fundamentalism = people who take their religion literally (often traditional)
moore
= focused on 'islamophobic media content', between 2000 and 2008 over a third of stories focused on terrorism and the muslim community - forced marriages
but, attacks on muslims were rarely spoken about in news
moore =
4 negative ideological messages in representations of islam
islam being dangerous compared to the west
multiculturalism allows muslim extremists to spread their message across muslim communities in the uk
muslim world is presented as oppressive, instead of democratic like the west
islam being a threat to the british way of life e.g. replacing british law with sharia law
ameli
= journalists depict the hijab as a patriarchal form of control that exemplifies the misogyny of islam
nahdi
= muslim portrays --> negative, seen as misogynists, cruel and violent
builds distrust in media and disengages audiences due to inaccuracies
immigration - affecting jobs, housing, resources, etc
unimportant
the lives of white people are more important - symbolic annihilation
ligali
= journalists pay more attention to white victims of crime, while neglecting black victims
'tokenism'
= ethnic minorities are 'props', tv programmes give the appearance of being racially equal
bennett
= british tv offers little space for ethnic minorities interests --> media content is geared to the interests of white people
perspectives
hegemonic
GMG
= media representations scapegoat ethnic minorities and encourages divisions between working classes and diverts attention away from the real reasons for inequalities
journalists predominantly white --> they produce content assuming the audience is white (
hall
= hierarchy of credibility)
more likely to consult white people as experts
pluralists
news media reflects the news values --> not institutional bias
the media is providing materials that media audiences want and reflects their fears and concerns
media companies are concerned they would lose audiences if they did not reflect this
postmodernist
more diverse representations e.g. 'we are lady parts'
new media has contributed to this - participatory and interactive features