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demographic changes - mrs garthwaite - family - Coggle Diagram
demographic changes - mrs garthwaite - family
birth rate
the number of live births per thousand of the population per year
long term decline in the number of births in the UK.In 1990 birth rate was 28.7 but in 2021 it was 55.8
lower birth rate has consequences for the public services
death rate
the rate is the number of deaths per thousand of the population per year
in 1990 the death rate stood at 19 by 2012 it halfed to 8.9
reasons for this change
improved nutritution
medical improvements
smoking diet - lifestyle changes
public health measures
other social changes
smaller families
higher incomes
life expectancy
how long on average a person born in a given year is expected to live
males born in england in 1900 could expect on average to live until they were 50 (57 for females)
women are less likely to have manual work so are healthier
in 1900 many infants and children did not survive beyond the early years of life
more money = life longer
more poverty in in north (scotland) more doctors etc per head in the south
more manual work in Scotland
the ageing population
people think there children are more likely to live longer so they don't need more children
it is estimated by 2041 there will be as many 78 year olds as 5 year olds
reasons for this :
declining infant mortality
increasing life expectancy
declining fertility
migration patterns
immigration - movement into a society
emigration - refers to movement cut
net migration - is the difference between the numbers of immagrants and the number of emigrants - so net increase or net decrease
the UK population is currently growing , Births to non Uk mothers is higher and so the age structure is affected as immigrants are generally younger
push factors for emigration - economic resolution and unemployment , pull factors for emigration - higher wages or better opportunities abroad
globalisation and migration
globalisation - barriers between societies are disappearing and people are becoming increasingly interconnected across national borders
vertovec - there is 'super diversity' now
more migrants now woman - filling domestic labour ,childcare and service occupations