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UNIT 67: MASS MEDIA IN THE ENGLISH LANGUAGE: THE JOURNALISTIC STYLE.…

- - - - The Guardian. 1821. 165,000. Berliner. Liberal/LW, middle class, trustworthy
      - The Telegraph. 1855. 470,000. Broadsheet. RW. aka Torygraph. Advertisation?
      - The Times. 1785. 405,000. Tabloid. Centre R. Well regarded but drift to right after 1981 M takeover
    - - The DM. 1896. 1.5 m+. House prices, cancer, immigration. Online version - most visited in world
      - The Mirror. 1903. 810,000. LW, but not v reliable
      - The Sun. 1964. 1,775,000. Populist. Most read NP. Endorsed winner in election since '79 (92-it's the Sun wot won it)
  - - - Editors (DM, DT, S) admitted view are those of owners. Handful of wealthy elite. Journalists elite-7vs54%. Aim: protect status quo. Attack any challengers (Red Ed, Corbyn 75%)
        
        Brexit: right wing press instrumental. Anti immigration - DM 'Plan to let 1.5m Turks into Britain' & 2 days before: 'If you believe in Britain vote leave' - no pretence at neutrality
        
        Too close to govt. Murdock (S, TT + 175 more).S - switched allegiance to Blair 97 - secret meetings, godfather. Insider: policies were avoided to placate M
        
        Extreme examples to exploit prejudices & insecurities: S 2010, campaign to stop scrounging. Result: 27% vs 0.7%
        
        Conclusion: press is not free but also govt is not free from press. Mouthpiece for govt, aims to safeguard interests of elite.
- - - - Explain in more detail: News article, Opinion column, Editorial article (written by senior staff, dedicated page), Letters to editor, Feature story/article (semi-obj, further investigations/opinions, series of events/development, Feature story/profile - usually with interview, semi obj, Review - semi obj.
        
        Can all be divided into HARD and SOFT news
  - - - Most common structure: inverted pyramid (imp data 1st). Head, lead, body
        
        Headline: anticipate data & capture interest (appealing; ouns, homophones 'whirl record' etc) Economy devices eg: words (toll), simplified grammar (no function words) present tense for immediacy, (simple past rare, often perfect or passive). Future with inf.
        
        Lead - Who, what, where when, why, how? summarises main details in 30&35 words. Medium font
        
        Body - main facts, comment (quotes/opinions from experts) & background
        
        Lang - past tense, 3rd person, descriptive lang, declarative verbs, few modals/imperatives
        
        Alternative structures: spiral - each elemt of lead explored in increasinly greater detail, see-saw - contrasting arg (when dealing with controversial topic) chronological
  - - - Doesn't have to be a new event. Can be series of events/developments. Thorough explanation, background info etc. Descriptions of ppl/settings-make it semi objective. More linguistic devices used: rhetorical questions, emotive lang, imagery etc. Can be 1st person.
- - - - 1) www.Britannica.com 2) www.oxforduniversity.com 3) Introducing the language of the news: A student's guide. 2015, Routledge 4) The Establishment, Owen Jones, 2014