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How did the Fascist Regime treat women? - Coggle Diagram
How did the Fascist Regime treat women?
Employment
WW1 increased women's employment opportunities
1927: rise in unemployment --> measures taken to restrict women's employment
mid-1920s: women excluded from certain teaching jobs
1933: state imposed a limit of 10% on state jobs; 1938: extended to many private firms but reversed during the war
main target = women in 'unnatural' jobs (ex. school teachers, office workers, professionals)
Fascists didn't challenge women's traditional importance in agriculture --> several laws were passed to protect women at work (in order to help women combine farming with child-rearing)
Education
education for women seen as training to stay at home, to be housekeepers and mothers
women excluded from most prestigious posts in secondary schools (more Maths, Science than Latin, Italian, History and Philosophy)
lack of job opportunities led to an increase in women at university (6% in 1914 --> 15% in 1938)
Personal life
beauty standard = well-rounded and sturdy rather than thin, elegant
Salvemini described Fascist pressure on women's appearance as the 'Battle for Fat'
state criticised cosmetics, high heels, trousers for women and Afro rhythm dancing
confused attitude with sport
could promote health, vigour, discipline and national pride
might distract women from their main job of child production, encourage lesbianism and female liberation
might cause infertility (ex. riding, skiing, cycling)
National Committee for Cleaning Up Fashion campaigned against the 'horrid vice' of indecent and scandalous dress
millions of Italians still went to cinemas where they could see American actresses' breasts and thousands of women performed scantily dressed in athletic parades
Politics
goal of population: 37 mil to 60 mil