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REVOLUTION 1629-49 - Coggle Diagram
REVOLUTION 1629-49
DIVISION OVER RELIGION
ARMINIANISM AND LAUDIANISM
Majority of the Political Nation were conservative Calvinists Anglicans in religion , as such they were able to tolerate Puritanism and Arminianism
Newton's view of Arminianism should be considered here: For Newton, the less "demanding" nature of Arminianism with its emphasis on ceremony, music and images appealed to the bulk of the moderately Calvinist population more than the demands of the Puritanism, with its emphasis on long sermons and continuous self-reflection
Puritans were unpopular in many communities for appearing to see themselves as better than their neighbours
Ultimately it was Charles' favourting of Arminianism, and specifically Laudinism, in the 1630s that triggered Britain's war of religions by forcing a reaction from the Puritans and over time alienating the moderate Calvinist majority
Laudians is the term most used for the anti-Calvinist Arminians because Wiliam Laud's promotions in the Church ranks meant that his views were increasingly imposed on the Church of England
Laud was promoted to Archbishop of Canterbury in 1633 at the death of the Calvinist George Abbot
Laudianism was not a group with a set of coherent beliefs. However, two key characteristics were at the heart of Laudian anti-Calvinism
rejection of predestination
Less emphasis on the Bible and preaching and more emphasis on ritual and ceremony
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Real problem was that, generally, the English population was moderately Calvinist, and Charles' I decision to side with the Laudianism and to try and impose a new, more restrictive religious uniformity broke the "Jacobethan balance"
Despite their differences, by 1640 most Protestants were allied againgt Charles
THE IMPOSITION OF LAUDIANISM IN ENGLAND
The phrase "beauty of holiness" describes the most notable aspect of Laudian influence on the decoration and appearance of Churches. Visible changes brought about by Laudian anti-Calvinism
Communion tables moved and railed off as an altar in the east end of the church
Increased emphasis on ceremony
Increased use of music in services
Ministers wearing vestments instead of plain robes
removal of the gentry's ornamental pews
decoration such as stained glass windows
The most contentious of the Laudian measures concerned the communion table. Charles I, typically, did not supply a real justification for this change to the general public. However, the main rationale behind the policy came from William Laud's obsession with decorum and order. The altar policy would involve the following
The communion table would be aligned north-south against the far east of the wall of the church, where the Catholic altar had been
The space around the altar (chancel) would be raised by some steps
This chancel area would be seperated from the rest of the church by a rail
The altar would be covered with a decorated embroidered cloth
These changes of course had he greatest effect in churches controlled by Puritans, who favoured plainly decorated churches. For them, the physical changes to the church were elements of idoltry derived from all that was wrong about Catholicism