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06 SPAIN, BETWEEN ABSOLUTISM AND LIBERALISM, image, image, image, image,…
06 SPAIN, BETWEEN ABSOLUTISM AND LIBERALISM
The Reign of Fernando VII and the Return to Absolutism
Década Ominosa
Hundred Thousand Sons of Saint Louis
army of
spanish
french
invaded Spain
absolutist throne restored
Fernando VII
contact with the doceañistas
supported his plan for Isabel
absolutists didn't like them
supported Carlos with his Carlist Party
anti-liberal and conservative measures
reinstated Inquisition and closed universities
1823: Treaty of the Holy Alliance
between absolutist powers
Fernando VII (1784–1833)
arbitrary acts and cruelty
30 ministers in six years
2 months each
dismissed them for
being inept
being to clever
stealing
Trienio Liberal
period of conflict
absolutists
liberals
radical or fanatic
moderate
restoration of absolutism
liberal military uprisings
Fernando VII in 1814
First Carlist War
1833: Fernando VII died
new law: Pragmática Sanción
women could inherit
Isabel inherited the throne
civil war between
Isabel’s supporters
Carlos’s supporters
The Reign of Isabel II: Moderate Liberalism
Isabel II inherited the crown
2 regents
María Cristina (1833–1840)
her mother
General Espartero (1840–1843)
was a minor
foundations for new liberal regime
Two-party system
two political parties
Progressive Party
censitary suffrage (less restricted)
freedom of religion
parliament
Moderate Party
restricted censitary suffrage
Catholicism
monarchy and parliament
Centralism
moderantism imposed a strongly centralised government
constitutional monarchy
judicial power was in courts
Isabel
shared legislative with the parliament
held the executive power
monarchy still maintained power
separation of powers
Old Regime was disappearing
Constitutions
1845: second
approved by a moderate parliament
1837: first one
written by the progressive parliament
basic characteristics
equality before the law
citizens’ rights were recognised
sovereignty wasn't in hands of the monarch
Military victory over the Carlists
First Carlist War (1833–1840)
Isabel’s supporters wanted liberalism
won by Isabel’s supporters
Carlists supported absolutism
Fernando VII died
two contenders for the throne
his daughter: Isabel
his brother: the Infante Don Carlos
Desamortizaciones
two main desamortizaciones
first one
financial resources to fight the Carlists
carried by the progressive governments
Mendizábal (1836)
Madoz (1855)
land was old at public auction owned
by Church
by city councils
Alternation in Power and Military Rebellions
Carlism
dethrone Isabel II
Second Carlist War (1846–1849)
Third Carlist War (1872–1876)
First Carlist War (1833–1840)
Carlos María Isidro of Bourbon (1788–1855)
with each region’s feudal rights
Navarra
Cataluña
País Vasco
part of Valencia
Old Regime monarchy was associated
absolutist
Stages of Isabel II
Bienio Progresista (1854–1856)
desamortización of Madoz
liberalise politics with context of social unrest
moderates were afraid of a revolution
queen handed them power
building of railways
Vicalvarada
moderate, progressive and democratic troops seized power
Moderantism (1856–1868)
opposition: excluded from parliament
military, politicians and students were repressed
economic growth
1865: great social unrest started growing
Pact of Ostend (1866)
1868: military rebellion started a revolution
Progressives, democrats, republicans and Liberal Union
coup d’état was planned
alternated in power
Liberal Union
Moderate Party
Década Moderada (1844–1854)
Democratic Party
defended universal suffrage
created by progressives
government’s were very conservative
Military uprising
progressives
was a coup d’état
political
conspired and planned
military
revolted
popular action
pressure on the queen
Sexenio Democrático: Democratic Liberalism
democratic monarchy under Amadeo I (1871–1873)
short reign
death of Prim
assassinated when Amadeo arrived in Spain
abdicated
1873: Spanish Parliament declared the First Republic
great instability
Parliament
selected Amadeo of Savoy
Italian
supported by Prim
didn't want a Bourbon monarch
The Reign of Amadeo I
without support of parliamentary parties
and opposed by
Carlists
the Church
republicans
Partido Alfonsino
supported Isabel II’s son Alfonso
his most important supporter
was killed by terrorists
General Juan Prim
The Revolution of 1868
1869: Spanish Parliament approved a new constitution
included the principles
universal suffrage
freedom of religion
national sovereignty
declaration of rights
Spain’s most advanced fundamental law
Revolution of 1868: La Gloriosa
Isabel II went into exile in France
Sexenio Democrático began
agreement of Ostend
General Serrano
General Juan Prim
General Pavia's Coup D’état (1874)
Alfonso of Bourbon returned to the throne
weakened the government
war against Cuban independence
workers’ protests with the anarchism
September 1868 and January 1874
political conflicts hindered the revolutionary process
democratic liberal regime
The First Republic (1873–1874)
none resolved the political disagreement
4 presidents in 11-month period
Salmerón
Castelar
Pi i Margall
Figueras
