Please enable JavaScript.
Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.
Globalisation, Modernity & Postmodernity theory - Coggle Diagram
Globalisation, Modernity & Postmodernity theory
Globalisation
Technological changes:
- time-space compression, distances smaller
- internet expanded knowledge
- tech raised living standards but created more global risks (e.g. weapons)
Economic changes:
- global economy
- electronic / virtual economy, less emphasis on physical
- controlled by TNCs
- companies have products created by developing world, pay less
Political changes:
- government less power, less trust in politicians
- 'borderless world', nation state less important
- gov struggle to control & regulate TNCs
Cultural changes:
- internet & mass media cause global sharing of cultures
- higher migration = more cultures in countries
- destruction of cultures, control of 'culture' by big brands & TNCs (control advertising, price out local business, higher racism as people see their culture threatened)
Modernity
Trust in nation state and democracy rather than local communities, religion or monarchies
-
Loss of traditions, freedoms increase, factors like ethicitity still influence
Industrial revolution, belief in tech
-
-
-
-
-
Trust in science & evidence, not superstition
Marxist Post Modernity
-
1) Industrial revolution 1700s onwards
- capitalism
- monotonous work fro proletariat
- profit for bourgeoise
2) 1970s, end of long economic boom, capitalism change
- economy to service, finance, more IT based, more specialised, advertising sector, all more individualised
- flexible accumulation
- new wealthier middle class, individualised
- capitalism exploit consumerist West & poorer countries with alienating labour
- consumerism divide proletariat into little groups, distract from real exploitation
- hopeful smaller groups band together to create rainbow alliance to continue fight for revolution against capitalism
3) postmodern era
- even in new postmodern era, still believe Marxist theories of capitalism & exploitation relevant
Post Modernity
-
Key themes:
- loss of trust in metanarritives
- relativism, truth is personal to you
- focus on diversity of truth & all truths should be accepted rather than 1 for everyone
Foucault:
- no objective truth due to enlightenment project ending science trust
- we cannot trust structural sociological theory as they are 1 person's reality and not objective truth
Lyotard:
- language games
- postmodern society & a series of these
- better than modernity with only 1 way of seeing the how we can choose our version of the world
Baudrillard:
- today we live in a virtual world, less emphasis on physical products
- society now based on signs (simulacra), hyper reality with virtual more important than physcial
- more concerned with virtual than physical reality, personal identity in social media rather than real life
- enlightenment project no longer achievable, progress using reason, science & rationality is dead
Evaluation:
- Jurgen Habermas sees modernity as 'incomplete project' & instead of putting in the dustbin of history we must push for democracy, freedom & more rational policy
- Habermas calls postmodernists pessimists & defeatists
Late Modernity
Key idea:
We are still in globalisation, just a quicker, more intense version of the characteristics of modernity. Old sociological theories still relevant, although need a bit of revisiting.
Beck:
- more individualised, more risk conscious, weigh up risk
- enlightenment still relevant, reflexivity & rationality > science
- risk society, natural risk to man made ones e.g. global warming
Giddens:
- traditions & customs disembodied, no longer only local, online communication, impersonal, remove obligations
- individualisation, less community more personal needs
- reflexivity, no longer rely on traditions to tell us how to live so must constantly modify actions, risk involved
Evaluation:
- too individual, ignores other influences
- It is money & poverty determining our ability to deal with risk
- Mike Rustin = capitalism still main source of risk, not globalisation or tech
- Hirst reflects Beck's view that enlightenment still works, but capitalism not so powerful that our political movements can't bring change