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thomas wolsey, small sheet on this, thomas more appointed lord chancellor…
thomas wolsey
foreign policy
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1518 treaty of london
originally peace between england and france but then became a treaty of perpetual peace agreed by england,spain, france, hre and numerous smaller states
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1523 battle of pavia
charles v was victorious over the french, henry attempted to beenfit from this and he suggested that him and charles launch a joint invasion of northern france,charles said no
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key information
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wolsey's organisational skills and ability to tell henry viii what he wanted to hear allowed him to advance at court
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henry was impressed with his efficiency in delivering success in europe and engineered his rapid promotion to high office
by 1514 henry referred all major business to wolsey, confident that it would be dealt with efficiently
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domestic policies
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legal reforms
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he wanted to promote civil law, based on natural justice and evidence rather than the common law
wolsey used the star chamber much more frequently to attack nobles and local officials who abused their power
encouraged commoners to bring their complaints before the court-increased the number of cases from 12 to 120 each year - reputation of being a friend to the poor
used the court of requests to hear cases from poor people, popular because of the low cost of bringing a case and decisions reached quickly
parliament (negative)
wolsey could easily be accused of trying to rule without parliament (only called 2 in 1515 and 1523).
1st caused problems as it provided clear evidence of anti-clericalism, second only called so parliament could agree to taxation as a result of the expensive foreign policy being pursued
economic policies
1517 wolsey began a national enquiry to find out how much land was enclosed and what effects it was having - drew legal cases against landlords
further investigations conducted in 1518 however opposition from landowners in parliament in 1525 forced him to suspend
main weapon for trade was trade embargo with spain, affected cloth trade very badly and resulted in one of the worst harvests in 1527
1526 debasement of the coinage which increased number of coins in circulation but reduced weight of silver coins
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eltham ordinances (1526)
restructure of the privy chamber from 12 to 6 men, wolsey removed "opponents" and replaced with politically neutral and supporters
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great matter
scriptual arguments
wolsey argeud that the validity of catherine's marriage to henry in 1509 relied on her word that her first marriage to arthur had never been consummated. if this was not the case, henry had been misled and marriage had never been valid. they quesioned the pope which meant that they were unlikely to agree to an annlument
diplomatic manoeuvres
against charles v - in charge of italy - wosley tried to free the pope from charles' influence, alliance with france =- war in italy to distract empreor, policy failed
legal efforts
henry wanted to hold the divorce hearings in england, catherine refused and appealed for the hearing to be in rome, wound up in english court and wolsey's use to henry ended
1529 fall of wolsey
wolsey sought to pressure the emperor by imposing a tarde embargo with the burgundian lands but cahrles' retaliation caused widespread unemployment and social problems in england. rise of charles meant henry's attempt to solve his marital issues was near impossible. henry needed someone to blame which resulted in wolsey's fall from power
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thomas more appointed lord chancellor after the fall of wolsey, he initiated further persecutions of protestant reformers however resigned after the king won approval for the submission of the clergy
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