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Class society and the origin of the nation - Coggle Diagram
Class society and the origin of the nation
Liberal revolutions
The restoration is overturned
3 waves of antibsolutist revolutionary movements
The revolutionary wave of 1830
King Louis XVIII, was succeeded by charles X
In 1830 students and workers organised the July Revolution
The revolutionary wave of 1848
Louis Philippe of Orleans’ reign was becoming more conservative
This all led to a revolution in which the Second French Republic was proclaimed.
Napoleon’s nephew, was later elected president. He proclaimed the Second French Empire in 1851
The revolutionary wave of 1820
Revolutions inspired by the Spanish Constitution written in Cádiz in 1812.
In 1822 Greece's independence was declared.
06 SPAIN, BETWEEN ABSOLUTISM AND LIBERALISM
1 THE REIGN OF FERNANDO VII AND THE RETURN TO ABSOLUTISM
In 1820 troops under Colone Riego, that were supposed to travel to Amercia, revolted against Fernando VII
Decada Ominosa
an army of French soldiers and Spanish volunteers called the Hundred Thousand Sons of Saint Louis invaded Spain
During this period, Fernando VII began to make contact with the doceañistas to ensure that they supported his plan for his daughter Isabel to succeed him.
In 1833, Fernando VII died. His daughter Isabel, still a child, inherited the throne thanks to the law that permitted her to became queen
2 THE REIGN OF ISABEL II: MODERATE LIBERALISM
Because Isabel was still a child there were two regents
Her mother
Genereal Espartero
Her mother didn't do a very good job so finally Espartero took the throne.
Two-party system
Moderate party
Progressive party
Two consitutions
The first, in 1837, was written by the progressive parliament, against the regent María Cristina’s wishes
The second, in 1845, was approved by a moderate parliament favoured by the young queen.
Centralism
Moderantism imposed a strongly centralised government.
Desamortizaciones
As a result of this process, land was expropriated by the state to be sold at public auction.
Nation and Nationalism
Nationalism was influenced by different causes
Napoleon and the congress of Vienna had organised the map of Europe based on their interests
Developement of the liberal economy
favoured economic growth and industrialisation
Liberalism
Many people felt liberal and nationalist
The indepence of Latin America
Napoleonic invasion of Spain had repercussions over Latin America
Because urban development cities such as Caracas, Quito... they wanted independece
Leaders
Simon Bolivar
Was a rich criollo and had liberal ideas.
Jose de San Martin
Served for the Spanish 22 years
Consequences of the emancipation of Latin America
Political consequences
The system in the new countries was a Republic
This led to caudallismo->frequent coups d'état
Economic consequences
Spain lost its main source of precious metals and certain markets
Spain's economic dependence was replaced by that of Great Britain
Latin America continued without true economic independence
Social consequences
Criollos obtained the political power they wanted
Indigenous people and lower classes continued to be discriminated
Slavery was abolished
Unification of Germany
The German Confederation replaced the Holy Empire
The German Confederation had an assembly, called the Diet
In 1834, Prussia therefore took the initiative and created the Zollverein or Customs Union
Bismarck planned the annexation of Alsace and Lorraine, two French regions where part of the population spoke German.
Unification of Italy
Italians were divided into many territories with different political systems.
To the north-west, there was an independent kingdom, Piedmont-Sardinia
The rest of the north was occupied by Austria
Cavour allied with the French and defeated the Austrians at the battles of Magenta and Solferino in 1859.
The pope had to renounce the Papal States and was confined to Vatican City.