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Health and Safety Level 1 - Coggle Diagram
Health and Safety Level 1
General
Health and Safety Executive (HSE)
Definition
- The Health and Safety Executive (HSE) is the national independent watchdog for work-related health, safety and illness. It acts in the public interest to reduce work-related death and serious injury across Great Britain's workplaces
What services does the HSE provide
1) The HSE are there to protect people's health and safety by ensuring risks in the changing workplace are properly controlled
2) The HSE helps businesses adapt to changes in occupational health and safety law and practice
Corporate manslaughter
Definition
- An organisation is guilty of a corporate manslaughter offense if the way in which its activities are managed or organised causes a person's death and if this amounts to a gross breach or a relevant duty of care owed by the organisation to the deceased
Construction Phase Plan
Definition
- Developed during the construction phase by the contractor, the purpose is to demonstrate how the building will be built from a safety perspective.
Control of Substance Hazardous to Health (COSHH)
Definition
- COSSH (Control of Substances Hazardous to Health) requires employers to prevent or reduce workers exposure to substances including
1) Chemicals
2) Fumes, gases, vapours and mists
3) Dusts
4) Biological agents and germs
What is the biggest cause of long term health issues in the construction industry?
Breathing in hazardous dust and fumes
Considerate constructors scheme
Definition
- It is a non-for-profit independent organisation founded in 1997 to improve the image of the industry. It encourages contractors and their supply chain to implement best practices
1) Aims to promote construction
2) Aims to deliver the best practice in terms of site operations
3) Voluntary effort
4) Delivering standards and benefitting the surrounding neighbourhood and community
Main assessment categories
1) Care about Appearance
2) Respect the Community
3) Protect the environment
4) Care about Safety
5) Value their Workplace
Historically, which type of accident kills the most in construction workers?
Falls from height
What is the minimum height of the main guard-rail or scaffolding?
950mm
Beaufort scale
Definition
- Used to measure wind speed when working outside externally
Visiting Site
When are visitors or workers most likely to have an accident on a construction site?
When they first start on a new site
H&S considerations when visiting site
1) Preparing or contributing to method statements and risk assessments
2) Wearing PPE
3) Attending site inductions and adhering to the contractor's site rules
4) Ensuring that health and safety was discussed at meetings
5) Reporting any issue to site management
You are going to complete a site valuation on your own, what should you do before leaving the office?
1) Advise my manager where I am going and who i am meeting. I would also suggest a time when I would be due back in the office
2) Make the site manager aware of the visit and check I have the correct PPE
What H&S hazards have you come across on your projects?
1) Impact of site traffic movements
2) Poor lighting
3) Manual Handling
4) Slips, trips & Falls
5) Working at height
6) Noise
CSCS Card
1) Construction Skill Certification Scheme
2) Provides proof that individuals working on construction sites have the appropriate training and qualification for the job they do
3) By ensuring the workforce are appropriately qualified, the card plays its part in improving standards and safety on UK Construction sites
Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)
Examples of PPE
1) Hard hat
2) Gloves
3) HI-Vis Vest
4) Steel toe cap boots
5) Glasses
6) Ear defenders
A member of public has been injured by work activities and taken to hospital for treatment, what should happen next?
The accident should be reported by the responsible person to the Health and Safety Executive
The site has been issued with a prohibition notice by the HSE. What does this mean?
A prohibition notice normally requires the site to stop a particular activity straight away. The site must not resume activity until action has been taken to remove or control the risk
What should you do first if you find an injured person on site?
1) Assess the situation - do not put yourself in danger
2) Raise the alarm and call for help
What is the purpose of a site induction?
Site description
Site rules and regulations
Confirms who site manager / supervisor / first aiders are
First aid box location
Plan of the site
Fire / evacuation procedures
Briefing of daily activities
Form signed at the end of an induction
Risk Assessment & Method Statements (RAMS)
Risk Assessment
Definition
- Identifying a hazard, measuring the risk and identifying the method of reducing the risk
Method Statement
Definition
- A statement that details out the methodology of the way the work will be completed. The method statement should outline the hazards and include a step-by-step guide on how to execute safely
Hierarchy of Risk Control
1)
Elimination
- Physically remove the hazard
2)
Substitution
- Replace the hazard
3)
Engineering
- Isolate people from the hazard
4)
Administrative
- Change the way people work
5)
PPE
- Protect the work with Personal Protective Equipment
Asbestos
What do you do if you find asbestos on site?
1) Stop works immediately and sure the area is safe (nobody else can access)
2) Report the matter to the Site Manager, there may e a requirement to notify the HSE
3) The asbestos will need to be tested by a competent contractor to identify the type
Where is asbestos most commonly found?
1) Cement gutters and downpipes
2) Corrugated roofs
3) Floor and ceiling tiles
4) Insulated boards
5) Lagging
6) Textiles
7) Soffits
Regulations & RICS Guidance Notes
Asbestos: legal requirements and best practices for property professionals and clients - 4th edition, May 2021
Control of Asbestos Regulations 2012
Types of Asbestos
Crocidolite
1) Has straight blue fibres
2) Considered the most lethal form of the mineral
Amosite
1) Brown asbestos
2) The second most common asbestos type and the second deadliest
Chrysotile
1) Long curly fibres and white in colour
2) Most common type of asbestos used in industrial and commercial applications
Asbestos Surveys
1) Asbestos Management Survey - The purpose of the management survey is to manage asbestos containing materials (ACMs) during the normal occupation and use of premises
Asbestos Management Plan
Definition
- This is a crucial plan document designed to register and details how asbestos will be managed in a property and what activities will be engaged to ensure people remain safe from asbestos exposure
What should an asbestos management plan include?
1) The party responsible for managing the asbestos
2) The asbestos register identifying the type and location etc
3) Plans for work on asbestos materials
4) The schedule for monitoring the materials conditions
5) Telling people about your decisions
How should asbestos be managed?
1) Remove - Eliminate the risk
2) Encapsulate - Process of applying a protective layer onto the asbestos containing material (ACM) which will contain asbestos fibres and provide some protection to the ACM from damage
3) Manage - Set up an asbestos management plan
2) Refurbishment/demolition survey - The R&D survey is required where the premises, or part of it, needs upgrading, refurbishment or demolition
Main health hazards to someone exposed to asbestos
1) Asbestosis - A chronic lung disease that can cause shortness of breath, coughing and permanent lung damage
2) Lung Cancer
3) Mesothelioma - A cancer of thin membranes that line the chest and abdomen
Guidance & Regulation
H&S Regulations applicable to construction
1) Health and Safety at Work Act 1974
1) the basis of British health and safety law is the H&S at work Act 1974
2) Sets out the general duties which employers have towards employees and members of the public and employees have to themselves and each others
3) These duties are qualified in the act by the principle of 'so far as is reasonably practicable'
4)Main requirement on employers is to carry out a risk assessment. Employer with five or more employees need to record the significant findings of the risk assessment
2) Construction (Design and Management) Regulation 2015
3)RIDDOR (Reporting of Injuries, Diseases and Dangerous Occurrences Regulation 2013)
RIDDOR puts duties on employer, the self-employed and people in control of the work premises to report certain serious workplace accidents, occupational diseases and specified dangerous occurrences/ near misses.
4) Asbestos Regulation 2012
5)COSHH (Control of Substances Hazardous to Health Regulation 2002)
6) Working at Height Regulation 2005
7) Personal Protective Equipment Regulation 1992
8) Workplace (Health and Safety Regulations) 1992
9) LOLER (Lifting Operating Lifting Equipment) Regulations 1998
1) Places duties on people and companies who own, operate, or have control over lifting equipment.
2) All lifting operations involving lifting equipment must be properly planned by a competent persion, appropriately supervised and carried out in a safe manner
3) All equipment used must be fit for purpose, appropriate for the task and if applicable subject to a periodic statutory ' thorough examination'
4) Records of the thorough examination must be kept, defects must be reported to the person responsible for the equipment and relevant enforcing authority
9) Control of Noise Regulations 2005
The regulations require employers to protect their employees from excessive levels of noise that could cause hearing damage. There are two main action levels for continuous noise:
1) Lower exposure action value - daily or weekly noise exposure level of 80dB
2) Upper exposure action value - daily or weekly noise exposure level of 85dB
10) Fire Safety Act 2021 :
The Act amends the Regulatory Reform (Fire Safety) Order 2005 with the intention of improving fire safety in multi-occupancy domestic premises
1) The Act provide clarification as to who is accountable for reducing the risk of fires
2) The Responsible person (owner/manager) of the occupied residential building must assess and mitigate the fire safety risk associated with both the structure, external walls of a building and entrance doors to individual flats and communal parts of the
building
3) The fire risk assessment for the building must be updated to cover both areas referred to previously, the responsible person can appoint a fire risk assessor to assist with compliance
4) Failure to comply with obligations contained within the Act could result in enforcement action being taken against the Responsible Person
12) Health & Safety (Fees) regulations 2012
Came into force on 1st October where for material H&S breaches, an intervention hourly fee of £124 must be paid to HSE by the party in breach to deal with the case.
Consequences for breaching H&S Regulations
1) Enforcement Notice - improvement / prohibitions
2) Magistrate Court - fine up to £20,000 or 2 years imprisonment
3) Crown Court - unlimited fine and prison sentence
4) Corporate Manslaughter - prison sentence
13) Workplace (Health, Safety and Welfare) Regulations 1992
Regulations relate to general workplace issues:
Space for easy access to plant;
Ventilation (office space 5 to 8 lts per second);
Min temp of 16c;
Lighting (320 lux);
Emergency lighting (come on in 15 secs);
Finished but have cover that can be cleaned easily;
Min space (11m3 per person);
Requirement for drinking water;
Sanitary and washing provisions.
RICS Guidance
Surveying Safely - 2nd Edition, November 2018
Definition
- Sets out basic, good practice principles for the management of health and safety for RICS-regulated firms and RICS members. It sets out principles for those engaged in the built environment as property professionals and includes health and safety responsibilities
Concept of a safe person in surveying safely 2018
Each individual assumes individual behavioural responsibility for their own, their colleagues and others' health and safety while at work
Construction Design and Management (CDM) Regulations 2015
Key Points
1) To ensure clients, designers, contractors and others consider the H&S of those constructing, maintaining and demolishing the works
2) Places Statutory duties on clients, principal designer, designers and contractors to plan, manage and coordinate H&S throughout the project
3) Improves safety on site through design, planning and management
Key Duty Holders
1) Client
Client's Duties
Ensure that the principal designer and contractor are appointed where required
Ensure the roles, functions and responsibilities of the project team are clear
Ensure that the people they appoint have the necessary skills to capably manage health and safety risk
Ensure sufficient time and resources are allocated
Ensure effective mechanisms are in place for members of the project team to communicate
Ensuring relevant information is prepared and provided by duty holders
Ensure that principal designers and principal contractors carry out their duties
Ensuring welfare facilities are provided
2) Principal designer
The principal designer influences how risks to H&S are managed throughout a project. Design decisions made during the pre-construction phase have a significant influence in ensuring the project is delivered in a way that secure the H&S of everyone affected by the work. They must:
1) Plan, manage, monitor and coordinate H&S in the pre-construction phase
2) Help and advise the client in bringing together pre-construction information and provide the information designers and contractors need to carry out their duties
What is Pre-construction information (PCI)?
PCI plays a vital role in the tender documentation. It enables prospective contractors to be fully aware of the project's H&S and welfare requirements. This will allow prospective contractors to have a level playing field as far as H&S is concerned on which to provide tender submissions
During its development, the PCI can provide a focus at which H&S considerations of the designs are brought together under the control of the principal designer
What's included in the PCI document?
1) Description of works
2) Client considerations and management requirements
3) Environmental restrictions and exiting site risks
4) Significant design and construction hazards
5) H&S file
1 more item...
3) Work with any other designers on the project to eliminate foreseeable H&S risk to anyone affected by the work and, where that is not possible, take steps to reduce or control those risks.
4) Ensure that everyone involved in the pre-construction phase communicates and co-operates, coordinating their work wherever required
5) Liaise with the principal contractor, keeping them informed of any risks that need to be controlled during the construction phase
3) Principal contractor
Principal contractors have an important role in managing H&S risks during the construction phase so they must have the skills, knowledge, experience and, where relevant, organisational capacity to carry out this work. They must:
1) Plan, manage, monitor and coordinate the entire construction phase.
2) Take account of the H&S risks to everyone affected by the work including the public, in planning and managing measures need to control them
3) Liaise with the client and principal designer for the duration of the project to ensure that all risks are effectively managed.
4) Prepare a written construction phase plan before the construction phase begins, implement and then regularly review and revise it to make sure it remains fit for purpose
5) Have ongoing arrangements in place for managing H&S throughout he construction phase
6) Consult and engage with workers about their health, safety and welfare
7) Ensure suitable welfare facilities are provided from the start and maintained throughout the construction phase.
8) Check that anyone they appoint has the skills, knowledge, experience and where relevant organisational capability to carry out their work safely and without risk to health
9) Ensure all works have site specific inductions and any further information and training they need
10) Take steps to prevent unauthorised access to the site
11) Liaise with the principal designer to share any information relevant to the planning, management, monitoring and coordination of the pre-construction phase
4) Designers
Designer's duties
Ensuring they have the necessary skills
Not commencing work unless they are satisfied that the client is aware of their duties
Reporting instances where they or others are working in a way that puts them or anyone else in danger
Where it is not possible to eliminate the health and safety risk where preparing or modifying design, designers must ensure appropriate information is included in the H&S file about the reasonably practicable steps that have been taken to control the risks
5) Contractors
6) Workers
F10 notification
Definition
- The form which is sent to the HSE to notify them of a relevant construction project
When is a project notifiable to the HSE under CDM Regulations?
1) Last longer than 30 working days and have more than 20 workers at the same time at any point on the project or
2) Exceed 500 person days
Who issues the F10?
This is the client's responsibility, however the F10 is often delegated to the principal designer or H&S advisor