Cuban misslie crisis

People involved

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John F. Kennedy, President of the United States (1961-1963)

Nikita Khrushchev, Premier of the Soviet Union (1958-1964)

Fidel Castro, Prime Minister of Cuba (1959-1976)

Exam Structure

Summary

The Cuban Missile Crisis of October 1962 was a direct and dangerous confrontation between the United States and the Soviet Union during the Cold War and was the moment when the two superpowers came closest to nuclear conflict.

16 Mark

How far do you agree?

The crisis was unique in a number of ways, featuring calculations and miscalculations as well as direct and secret communications and miscommunications between the two sides.

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The dramatic crisis was also characterized by the fact that it was primarily played out at the White House and the Kremlin level with relatively little input from the respective bureaucracies typically involved in the foreign policy process.

16 Mark Question writing frame

HELPFUL TIPS:

How far do you agree? Means you must agree and disagree

You may use the following in your answer: means these should be two of your paragraphs

One of your own : means include another paragraph on another relevant topic

Write in PEAL paragraphs

Justified judgement means it has to be threaded through your argument and not a surprise at the end.

PEAL paragraphs

Point - Answer the question

Evidence - A specific example to show how your point answers the question.

Analysis - An explanation of how your evidence proves your point and how your point answers the question.

Link - Answer the question

USEFUL PHRASES:

EXPLAINING EVIDENCE

This means …

This led to…

This created …

This shows …

INCLUDING COMPARISON OF POINTS

When compared …

… is more significant than … because ….

Causation

1962 the US demanded the halting of construction of missile bases that were discovered in communist Cuba.

16 mark: Writing Frame

Helpful hints:

This is an essay - must be structured as an argument looking at both sides

You must refer to all sources

You must include evidence from the sources

You need to include some own knowledge

Introduction:

Introduce the content of the essay

Extract C suggests that …. (state the interpretation) sources a and b support/ do not support this interpretation. This essay will agree/ disagree with the interpretation in Extract C.

Paragraph 1: Explain the main interpretation

Extract C has the interpretation … (explain the interpretation) . The sources agree with the Extracts C’s interpretation … as source A states …(evidence from source a) and source b states …(evidence from source b) these clearly suggest … (summary of why you included them) which is in agreement with extract C. This is a convincing argument as it is supported by … (own knowledge) … this evidence all supports the interpretation that …

Paragraph 2:

Explain the other interpretation

The sources disagree with the Extracts C’s interpretation and instead suggest (state the other interpretation) Source A states … (evidence from source a) and source b states … (evidence from source b) these clearly suggest … which is in disagreement with extract C. This interpretation is further supported by … (own knowledge) … this evidence all suggests that the interpretation in extract c is incorrect.

Paragraph 3:

Compare the arguments to explain which one you agree with.

The interpretation that is more convincing is … this is because although there is evidence to support …. the argument for … is more substantial. This is because …

Conclusion: explain what your judgement is and why

There is evidence to suggest that the interpretation in extract c is correct (evidence) and incorrect (evidence) . The most convincing interpretation is… because… Therefore I do/ do not agree with the interpretation in extract c.

8 Mark

Comparison of sources

One way that sources a and b agree is that they both show …. (quotations from both sources) … this clearly means (explain the quotes) …

One way that sources a and b disagree is that source a shows … and source b shows … (quotations from source) … this clearly means (explain the quotes) … source a disagrees as it states (quotation from source) … this clearly means … showing a disagreement between the extracts.on top of this... Overall..,.

Overall the sources mostly agree/ disagree because … (explain why one side is more significant than the other)

Causation

PEEL paragraph structure

Point - What led to the event?

Evidence - An example of this cause of the event (be specific - give statistics or quotations)

Explanation - How did the cause lead to the event? (explain the connection between the cause and the event)

Link - Answer the question - What was the cause of the event?

WRITING FRAME:

One cause of …. Was

This is shown by …

This shows that a cause of ...was … because …

Therefore a cause of … was…

One cause of …. Was

This is shown by …

This shows that a cause of ...was … because …

Therefore a cause of … was…

6 mark

Impression

HELPFUL HINTS:

Make a quick list of the points made, then think about how you can summarise them into one message

Focus on the command terms in the question - impression - do not include your opinion

You only need to write one paragraph

You must include extracts - they should not be more than 8 words in length.

English Literature skills - tone and selection of language

Feature

Writing frame:

One feature of … was …

An example of this is…

This means…

Another feature of … was …

An example of this is…

This means…

Helpful hints:

Two separate paragraphs

Describe the feature in detail

No need for explanation

Include precise information

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