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Traumatic Stress in Students - Coggle Diagram

- - - - abusive or hurtful texts, emails or posts, images or videos
      - deliberately excluding others online
      - nasty gossip or rumours
      - imitating others online or using their log-in.
  - - - may develop mental health problems like depression and anxiety
      - have fewer friendships
      - aren't accepted by their peers
      - are wary and suspicious of others
      - have problems adjusting to school, and don't do as well.
  - - - 2. Create opportunities for connection
        
        Fostering a sense of community in your classroom can lower bullying incidents and facilitate healing for targeted students.
        Research shows that when targeted students feel connected to peers, they’re better able to cope with being bullied. Studies also indicate that teaching students to speak up when they witness bullying behavior, and to take a stand against it, can reduce future bullying situations by more than 50 percent.
      - 3. Identify ‘gateway behaviors.'
        
        Small behaviors can often signal the beginning patterns of bullying. Often missed by educators who already have so much on their plates, these indicators, called “gateway behaviors,” can be difficult to detect. But, if you can recognize them early on, there’s a chance you could prevent bullying behavior from developing down the road. As an educator, here are some of the key behaviors you should take notice of:
        Eye rolling
        Prolonged staring
        Back turning
        Laughing cruelly/encouraging others to laugh
        Name-calling
        Ignoring or excluding
        Causing physical harm
        Spying
        Stalking
        While these behaviors may not be classified as bullying, putting interventions in place now could mitigate the likelihood of them growing into something more problematic.
      - 4. Use the arts to create context.
        
        Using drama, literature, and the visual arts as a vehicle for conversation, educators can help students understand the negative impact of bullying.
      - 5. Communicate your classroom expectations early.
        
        Establish principles to combat bullying in your classroom — things like requirements for inclusion, respectful ways of speaking to one another and acceptable forms of conflict resolution — and make sure that all students agree to those principles at the beginning of each school year.
      - 1. Teach kindness and empathy
        
        When students are able to approach ideas and problems from multiple perspectives, they’re less likely to bully others. From the earliest ages, students should participate in activities that boost social-emotional learning. As a teacher, find ways to help children understand and appreciate their identity as well as others’. One way to do this is to have kids get together and talk about their differences. Allow them to practice conflict resolution, work through problems, and build their understanding of those around them.
      - 6. Practice active listening with your students
        
        Practicing active listening allows teachers to not only convey that their classroom is a safe place, but also model behavior that is accepting and kind. This provides students with a positive example of how to treat others or potentially handle difficult situations if they arise
- - - - Talk about it. Talking things through with students can help them process what they are going through.
      - There is no timetable for recovery. Grief does not have a time limit and it can vary from person to person. Be patient and allow the process as much time is needed.
      - Don't lecture the students. What is needed is someone who will listen and is open to their needs.
      - Take breaks and find quiet time. It is important to allow the student to take time out when things seem to much, and to find time that they can achieve some level of piece to order their thoughts.
      - Be positive. Students need hope and support. They need to know that things can get better.
      - Be supportive. Students need support when dealing with loss.
      - Routines can be helpful. A routine allows the student support at a time when they need it.
      - Sources
      - Possible signs: antisocial behaviour, distanced behaviour, overemotional reactions to situations, overreaction, poor management of stressful situations.
- - - - Provide food and shelter through local agencies- Students can seek assistance in government programs in order to continue their normal routine inside and outside of school. This should be one of the first steps in response to a disaster so that a student can maintain their mental and physical health.
      - Providing in school donations for students- With parental or student consent, teachers can raise awareness for a student in need to provide the student with any necessities loss in the natural disaster. Items such as non-perishable foods, toiletries, and clothing can greatly assist a student suffering a natural disaster.
      - Provide counseling for students- Discussing the tragedy with the student and parents can allow for acceptance, understanding and closure on the subject. Daily or weekly counseling can support the student emotionally and mentally to allow for better success with academic and social endeavors.
      - Encourage student engagement- A student suffering a natural disaster can tend to shy away or become aggressive towards peers and teachers. Teachers and counselors should be instructed to first comfort the student and secondly to encourage other students to show compassion and friendliness toward the student in need. This can allow the traumatized student to understand that they are not alone and can still have a school or social life despite their tragedy.
    - - Links- https://publichealth.tulane.edu/blog/what-is-disaster-management/
        https://www.stanfordchildrens.org/en/topic/default?id=post-traumatic-stress-disorder-in-children-90-P02579