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biology revision - topic 2 - Coggle Diagram
biology revision - topic 2
CELL STRUCTURE - found in plant and animal cells
nucleus
contains genetic material
cytoplasm
where chemical reactions occur which contains enzymes which speeds up rate of reactions
cell membrane
contains molecules that control what goes in and out of the cell
mitochondria
aerobic respiration takes place and provides energy for the cell
ribosomes
where protein synthesis occurs
CELL STRUCTURE - found only in plants
chloroplast
where photosynthesis takes place, contains chlorophyll which pigments the plant
permanent vacuole
contains cell sap and is found within the cytoplams
cell wall
made from cellulose and provides strength for the cell
SPECIALISED CELLS IN PLANTS
root hair cell
specialised to take in water via osmosis and minerals via active transport, have a large surface area so more water can move in
xylem cell
specialised to take minerals up from the plant to the roots and shoots
phloem cell
specialised to carry products of photosynthesis ( food) to different parts of the plant
STEM CELLS
embryonic stem cells
they can change into different types of cells and can also be cloned, could be maybe used to reduce insulin producing cells and help people suffering for diabetes, and diseases Alzheimers or damaged nerve cells
adult stem cells
found in bone marrow and can be formed into different cells like red blood cells
meristems in plants
found in the roots and shoots tips, they can turn into different plants and are able to make clones of a plant
STEM CELLS IN MEDECINE
benefits
can be used to replace damaged cells like diabetes, multiple sclerosis and paralysis
bone marrow transplants can be used to cure blood cell cancers like leukaemia
grow new organs for transplants
the cells in the body does not reject the stem cells
it can be used for testing on multiple drugs without using animals
risks
people who have ethical issues of destroying the embryo because they are destroying an unborn life
not might be successful because it can have long term effects
mutations can occur
its hard to find stem cell donars