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Introduction to Programming - Coggle Diagram
Introduction to Programming
Low-level Languages
Language that consists of strings of binary digits or English-like abbreviations to represent basic instructions to a computer
Machine Language
Language that consists of strings of binary digits (1,0) to represent instructions to computer
Disadvantage
Programs are lengthy because a single instructions corresponds to only one operation
can only be used on the machine it is orginally created for
Instructions created are difficult to learn
Advantage
Instructions are readily understood by the computers because it does not need to be translated before being executed
Assembly Language
Advantage
Easier to learn compared to machine language
Disadvantage
Needs to be translated into machine language before executed
Programs are lengthy because a single instructions corresponds to only one operation
Instructions created are not readily understood by computers
Can only be used on the machine it is originally created for
Language that consists of English-like abbreviations called Mnemonics, to represent instructions to computer
High-level Languages
Programming language that consist of a series of English like words to represent instructions to computer
Advantage
Program are shorter because a single instruction corresponds to many operations
Can run on different types of computers and operating systems
Easier to learn compared to low-level languages
Examples of high-level languages
C++
FORTRAN
Java
COBOL
BASIC
Pascal
Disadvantage
Instructions created are not readily understood by computers where it needs to be translated into machine language before being executed
Programming Languages
Set of words, symbols and codes that enables programmer to give instructions to a computer
Created by programmers using programming languages
Programming Paradigms
An approach to solve problems using some programming language
Object-oriented
Programmer identifies objects (items that can contains both data and the procedures that read or manipulate data)
Advantage
Avoid programming redundancy
Programmers create applications faster
Code reusability
Based on objects and classes
Examples
C++
Python
Java
Logic
Focus on facts stored in memory (knowledge base)
Advantage
System solves the problem so the programming steps themselves are kept to a minimum
Proving the validity of a given program is simple
Set of sentences in logical form, expressing facts and rules about some problem domain
Examples
LISP
ProLog
Procedural
Programmer identifies the major function of a program (main module) then divided it into smaller modules
Advantage
Makes the program more readable and easier to maintain
Can reuse the code
Based on the concept of modular programming
Examples
C
Pascal
ColdFusion
Programming Languages Translators
Interpreter
Translates high-level language into machine language one line at a time
Compiler
Translates the entire source code of high-level programming language into machine language
Assembler
Translates programs written in assembly language into machine language