Please enable JavaScript.
Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.
1.1 - Unit 3 T&T - Describe the range of external pressures on the UK…
1.1 - Unit 3 T&T - Describe the range of external pressures on the UK Tourism Industry
Dynamic Tourism
.
Travel Agents used to be the only way to book holidays but access to online travel companies has led to more independent travel arrangements almost people have smartphones and computers now.
Led up improving economic conditions, paid holidays, technological advancements, including growth of air travel, low cost airlines included
Dynamic Tourism - rapid growth of international travel over the past 50+ years.
Severe weather
Storm Desmond
- Storm Desmond was an extratropical cyclone and fourth named storm of the 2015–16 UK and Ireland windstorm season, notable for directing a plume of moist air, known as an atmospheric river, which brought record amounts of orographic rainfall to upland areas of northern Atlantic Europe and subsequent major floods.
Boscastle flood
The 2004 Boscastle flood occurred on Monday, 16 August 2004 in the two villages of Boscastle and Crackington Haven in Cornwall, England, United Kingdom. The villages suffered extensive damage after flash floods caused by an exceptional amount of rain that fell over eight hours that afternoon.
2022 heatwaves -
The 2022 United Kingdom heatwaves were part of several heatwaves across Europe and North Africa. The United Kingdom experienced three heatwaves; the first was for three days in June, the second for three days in July, and the third for six days in August.
Climate change
Rise in global temps -
Earth's temperature has risen by 0.14° Fahrenheit (0.08° Celsius) per decade since 1880
Rising sea levels -
Sea levels rising has accelerated from 1.77mm to3.2 since 1993
Glacier shrinking -
glacier loss has accelerated from -171 millimetres (6.7 inches) per year in the 1980s, to -460 millimetres (11 inches) per year in the 1990s, to -500 millimetres (1.6 feet) per year in the 2000s, to -889 millimetres
Economical pressures
Rising fuel costs -
As gasoline prices increase, the cost of travel will increase and real income will fall. As a result, the willingness to travel will drop, resulting in a decrease in the demand for lodging services.
Economic climate
- The UK is estimated to have entered a recession in the third quarter of 2022, which could last until the end of 2023. But while the duration of the current downturn may be relatively long, the drop in activity is expected to be mild by historical comparisons.
Currency fluctuation -
This is the British Pound (GBP) to US Dollar (USD) exchange rate history data page for the year of 2022, covering 365 days of GBP USD historical data. Best exchange rate: 1.3712 USD on 13 Jan 2022. Average exchange rate in 2022: 1.2369 USD. Worst exchange rate: 1.0697 USD on 26 Sep 2022.
Political pressures
Brexit
- This is one of the biggest impacts of Brexit on the UK tourism industry. Thousands of seasonal and permanent staff are hired from EU countries to work in the UK's tourism sector. An increase in bureaucracy, as well as a rise in the costs of hiring overseas staff, is affecting British tourist businesses.
Ukraine war
- The UK is less exposed to the direct trade effects of Russia's invasion of Ukraine than its European neighbours. However, the indirect and longer-term effects of the war on UK trade could still be significant. Inflationary pressure worldwide will contribute to price rises in the UK, particularly for food and energy.
Covid-19 - external pressure
Impact on tourism
- Monthly air passenger arrivals to the UK fell from 6,804,900 in February 2020 to 112,300 in April 2020, a fall of 98.3%. Greater London saw the largest fall in room occupancy of any English region from 2019 to 2020, with just 20% of rooms occupied in July 2020 compared with 90% in the same month in 2019.
Impact on economy -
From school closures to devastated industries and millions of jobs lost – the social and economic costs of the pandemic are many and varied. Covid-19 is threatening to widen inequalities everywhere, undermine progress on global poverty and clean energy, and more.