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INTRODUCTION TO PROGRAMMING - Coggle Diagram

- - - - Examples
        
        FORTRAN
        
        COBOL
        
        C++
        
        BASIC
        
        Pascal
        
        Java
      - High-level languages is defined as a programming language that consists of a series of English like words to represent instructions to computer
      - Disadvantages
        
        Not readily understood by computers where it needs to be translated into machine language before being excuted
      - Advantages
        
        Programs are shorter because a single instruction of high-level language corresponds to many operations at the machine level
        
        Machine-independent it can run on different types of computers and operating systems
        
        Easier to learn and understand compared to low-level languages
    - - Low-level language is defined as a languange that consists of strings of binary or English-like abbreviations to represent basic instructions to a computer
        
        Examples
        
        Machine Language
        
        Machine language is defined as a language that consists of strings of binary digits (1 and 0) to represent instructions to computer
        
        Advantage
        
        Readily understood by the computers because it does not need to be translated before being executed
        
        Disadvantages
        
        Difficult to learn and understand
        
        Machine-dependent it can only be used on the machine it is originally created for.
        
        Programs are lengthy because a single instruction of machine language corresponds to only one operation at the machine level
        
        Assembly Language
        
        Language that consists of English-like abbreviations, called Mnemonics, to represent instructions to computer
        
        Advantage
        
        Easier to learn and understand compared to machine languange
        
        Disadvantage
        
        Machine-dependent it can only be used on the machine it is originally created for.
        
        It needs to be translated onto machine language before being executed
        
        Programs are lengthy because a single instruction of assembly language corresponds to only one operation at the machine level
        
        Not readily understood by computers
- - - - Translates high-level programming language into machine language one line at a time
    - - Translates programs written in assembly language into machine language
    - - Translates the entire source code of high-level programming language into machine language
- - - - Based on objects and classes
        
        Programmer identifies objects which are items that can contain both data and the procedures that read or manipulate that data
        
        Advantages:
        
        Avoid programming redundancy
        
        Programmers create applications faster
        
        Code reusability
      - Examples:
        
        C++
        
        Java
        
        Python
    - - Set of sentences in logical form, expressing facts and rules about some problem domain
        
        Focus on facts stored in memory called the knowledge base
        
        Advantages:
        
        Proving the validity of a given program is simple
        
        The system solves the problem, so the programming steps themselves are kept to a minimum
      - Examples:
        
        ProLog
        
        LISP
    - - Based on the concept of modular programming
        
        Programmer identifies the major function of a program called the main module and divided into smaller modules
        
        Advantages:
        
        It make the program more readable and easier to maintain
        
        It can reuse the code
      - Examples:
        
        Pascal
        
        ColdFusion
        
        C