Please enable JavaScript.
Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.
Marketisation of Education - Coggle Diagram
Marketisation of Education
FEATURES OF MARKETISATION:
PUBLICATION OF LEAGUE TABLES:
publishing league tables ensures that schools that achieve good exam results are more in demand because parents are attracted
BARLETT:
Cream skimming -'good' schools can be more selective, choosing their customers and recruit him-achieving middle-class pupils
silt-shifting- 'good' schools can avoid taking less able pupils who are likely to get poor results and damage the schools league table position
AO3 overall effect is to produce unequal schools that reproduce social inequalities.
SPECIALIST SCHOOLS(IT/ languages): widens parental choice
SCHOOLS BEING GRANTED PERMISSION TO OPT OUT OF LOCAL AUTHORITY & BECOME ACADEMIES: - given control over curriculum, control budget
FORMULA FUNDING:
schools allocated funds by a formula based on how many pupils they attract.
popular schools= more funds = better qualified teachers & better facilities = more selective, attracts mainly high achieving, middle class pupils
unpopular schools= loose income = find it difficult to match teacher skills & facilities of their meow successful rivals.
AO3 Study conducted by institute for public policy research 2012 found that competition-oriented education systems such as Britain produce more segregation between children of different social backgrounds
EVALUATION
ADVANTAGES
increased choice of schools for parents -greater variety of schools means greater access to education than before
more private investment in education- more funding and better resources, facilities etc
rising university attendence
improved GCSE * A level pass rates
CRITICISMS:
-myth of parentocracy
selective enrolement : many students, majority w/c now excluded
hyper-focus on 'teaching the test' : curriculum focuses on preparing students for a standardised test rather than simply bestowing knowledge and cultivating their interests.
-
marketisation is the process of introducing consumer choice and competition between suppliers
schools were encouraged to compete against each other and act more like private businesses rather than institutions under the control of local government.
1988 EDUCATION REFORM ACT' brought about by conservative government of Margret thatcher.
neoliberals& the new right favour marketisation because it means schools have to attract customers (parents) by competing with each other in the market.
schools that will provide customers with what they want- exam success will thrive
those that don't will 'go out of buisness
MYTH OF PARENTOCRACY: - BALL 1994 argues parentocracy is a myth
marketoisation gives the idea that all parents have free choice of school however its not reality
in reality, M/C parents can take more advantage of choices available
-M/C can afford to move their children into attachment areas of desirable schools
disguises the fact that schooling reproduced social inequality
PARENTAL CHOICE :GERWITZ 1995 studied 14 secondary schools in London and found differences in parents’ economic & cultural capital lead to class differences in how far they can exercise their choice of secondary school
PRIVLEDGED SKILLED CHOOSERS: professional M/C parents who use their economic & cultural capital to gain educational capital for their children. prosperous, confident, well-educated.
DISCONNECTED LOCAL CHOOSERS: W/C parents who are restricted due to their lack of cultural/economic capital. attached more importance of safety> league tables. newest school most realistic (no travel funds)
SEMI-SKILLED CHOOSERS: mainly working class yet unlike the disconnected choosers they were ambitious for their children yet lacked cultural/economic capital to take full advantage of the education market & were often frustrated with their inability to get their children into the schools they wanted
NEW LABOUR & INEQUALITY
1997- 2010 new labour governments aimed to reduce inequalities that marketisation policies had increased
designated some deprived areas as EDUCATION ACTION ZONES, providing them with additional resources
THE AIM HIGHER PROGRAMME e to raise the aspirations of groups who are under represented in higher education
EDUCATION MAINTENANCE ALLOWANCES- Payments to low-income backgrounds to encourage them to stay in education after 16 to gain better qualifications
NATIONAL LITERACY STRATEGY , numeracy and literacy hours, and receding primary school classes
City academies were created to give a fresh start to struggling inner-city schools with mainly W/C students
increased funding for state education