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LOCOMOTOR SYSTEM, NASHA RIAULINA HASIBUAN, 2208260226 - Coggle Diagram

- - - - Spindle-shaped
      - One cell per cell.
      - Has no transverse lines.
      - Working outside of our awareness, so it is called the unconscious brain.
    - - intestinal wall
      - blood vessel walls
      - lymph vessels
      - digestive tract wall
  - - - The striated muscle cells are cylindrical in shape
      - have a cell nucleus
      - work under the control of mind and consciousness
    - - muscles surrounding the mouth
      - muscles surrounding the eye
  - - - found only in the heart
      - alternating dark and light
      - there are cell divisions
      - cannot be controlled by our will
  - - - cetylcholine opens cation channels called acetylcholine gates
      - The acetylcholine gate causes sodium ions to diffuse into the interior of the muscle fiber membrane resulting in depolarization resulting in open sodium channels resulting in a membrane action potential
      - Action potential causes the endoplasmic reticulum to release calcium ions
      - Action potential travels along the motor nerve to the muscle fiber
      - Calcium ions initiate the attractive force between the actin and myosin filaments which slide and result in contraction
      - Each nerve ending secretes a neutransmitter substance, namely Ach or acetylcholine
    - - Ca 2+ is pumped into the sarcoplasmic reticulum by Ca2+ ATPase resulting in relaxation. ATP is broken down by myosin ATPase and binds fresh ATP to myosin resulting in the release of actin and myosin bonds and activates Ca+2 transport back to the endoplasmic reticulum
- - - - can not move.
    - - joints in the skull.
  - - - movable, but limited
    - - joints found in the bones between the vertebrae and ribs.
  - - - Movable joints are joints that can be moved freely
    - - Plane
      - Hinge
      - Condylar
      - Pivot
      - Ball and Socket
      - Saddle
- - - - Bones are stiff and hard
      - Easily broken or cracked;
      - Many contain calcium and phosphorus, while the collagen content is small;
      - The arrangement of bone cells forms layered concentric circles;
      - In hard bones there is a haversian canal (Haversian canal) which consists of blood vessels that function to nourish the bone;
      - Bone tissue is composed of bone cells (osteocytes), bone-forming cells (osteoblasts), and bone-remodeling cells (osteoclasts).
    - - BASED ON SHAPE
        
        Flat bones
        
        Pipebone
        
        Short bones
      - BASED ON THE MATRIX
        
        Compact bone
        
        Spongy bone
  - - - consists of chondroblast cells that can produce fluids in the form of cartilage-building proteins
      - secretes extracellular fluid in the form of chondroitin sulfate which is more elastic than the matrix that makes up hard bones.
      - composed of very many fibers, such as collagen and elastic.
      - Has tensile strength, and serves as a structural support and makes it more flexible without distortion.
    - - Elastin Cartilage
      - Fibrous Cartilage
      - Hyaline Cartilage