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LOCOMOTOR SYSTEM, Ca2+ is pumped into the sarcoplasmic reticulum by Ca2+…
LOCOMOTOR SYSTEM
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MUSCLE
PRIMARY MUSCLE
Primary muscles are the muscles that are mainly used when running, namely: quadriceps femoris group, hamstring group, gluteus maximus, iliopsoas and gastrocnemius.
SUPPORTING MUSCLES
Supporting muscles are muscles that can help primary muscles to produce more efficient movements, namely: biceps and abdominal muscles.
ADDITIONAL MUSCLE (Auxiliary)
Additional muscles are muscles that support the main and supporting muscles to function better
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BONE
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Bone is a connective tissue characterized by a mineralized extracellular matrix. The mineral is "Calcium Phosphate" in crystal form of hydroxyapatite
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Types of bones
Cartilage (cartilage)
Hyaline cartilage
The matrix has scattered collagen fibers in a fine and tight woven form. Found in the respiratory tract and the ends of the ribs.
Cartilage elastin The arrangement of prolicandyrum, matrix, cells and bones elastic cartilage is the same as hyaline cartilage. Elastic cartilage is found in the epiglottis and the outer ear.
Fibrosa (fibrocartilage) / fiber
The matrix contains coarse collagen fibers and irregular, located at the attachment of ligaments, spinal joints, and pubic symphysis. The characteristic feature of this cartilage is that its lacunae are round or ovoid and filled with cells (chondricytes).
Osteon (bone)
Osteoprogenerator, which is a special cell that is a mesenchymal derivative that has mitotic potential capable of differentiating into osteoblasts is on the outside
membrane (periosteum).
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JOINT
Kind Of Joint
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Articulatio Tibiofibularis (amphiarthrosis, syndesmosis)
Articulatio Talocruralis (hinge joint, ginglymus)
Types of muscle work
Synergistic muscles, namely muscles that work together. For example: pronator teres and pronator quadratus (when turning the hand)
Antagonist muscles are muscles that work in the opposite way. There are several antagonist muscles, namely: Flexor Extensor
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Ca2+ is pumped into the sarcoplasmic reticulum by Ca2+ ATPase resulting in relaxation. ATP is cleaved by myosin ATPase and binding of fresh ATP to myosin results in the release of actin and myosin bonds and activates Ca+2 transport back to the endoplasmic reticulum.
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