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Area Study 1(AOS1) - Coggle Diagram

- - - - Use of Ornamentation
      - Use of Rubato
      - Melodic shape and phrasing
      - Complex beat division (septuplets etc, even up to nineteen notes)
  - - - Chopin’s Prelude No.15 in Db major is known as the ‘Raindrop’ because of the repeated Ab (pedal note reflecting the drops of rain).
        
        Chopin Prelude No. 15 D flat major
        
        At the beginning Chopin writes 2 balances 4 bar phrases, the first ends on the dominant, the second on the tonic.
        
        How he develops it
        
        Mood change thoughtful to dark
        
        Dynamic contrasts
        
        Melody moves below pedal
        
        Adds in the octave to G# pedal to add drama
        
        Modulation to C#major
        
        In the final returning section the original septuplet pattern is now further elaborated to include 10 notes (via ornamentation)
- - - - Strings
        
        Violas
        
        Cellos
        
        Violins
        
        Double basses
      - Brass
        
        Sometimes trumpets and/or horns(without valves)
      - Woodwind
        
        Recorders/wooden flutes
      - Continuo(harpsichord or organ)
      - Timpani (kettledrums)
  - - - In performances that do not allow women, men take the alto role in a form of countertenor
  - - - Myths/legends
      - Romance
      - History
      - Betrayal
      - Murder
  - - - Protestant composers used Bible narratives
      - Catholic composers used Bible narratives and saints' lives
- - - - As in the Baroque period, brass instruments were limited in the range of notes they could produce to what is called the harmonic series.
      - Other notes were available for the horn players: by ‘stopping’ the sounding length of the instrument by inserting the hand into it’s bell.
      - This is the range of notes available simply by adjusting the tension on the player’s lips.
      - Unfortunately, this technique affected the timbre of the instrument. This didn’t stop Mozart writing 4 Horn Concertos
  - - - Question Phrases often end on an imperfect cadence, answer phrases often end on a perfect cadence
  - - - Form
        
        Form refers to the structure of a piece. There are several different forms in classical music.
        
        Ternary form
        
        A -> B -> A
        
        Rondo form
        
        A -> B -> A-> C
        
        Binary form
        
        A -> B
  - - - Sonata form has 3 main themes:
        
        The exposition
        
        The development
        
        Recapitulation
    - - Triadic movement
        
        A melody base on the 1st, 3rd and 5th notes (notes of a triad)
      - Chromatic movement
        
        A melody moving in semitones
      - Conjunct/Stepwise
        
        Melody moving by step- like in a scale
      - Inversion
        
        Intervals between the notes are the same as the original phrase, but they move in the opposite direction to the original- so a pitch will rise instead of falling ,or the other way round
      - Augmentation
        
        A proportionate increase in the note lengths of a melody e.g. a quaver augmented becomes a minim
      - Diminuition
        
        The opposite of augmentation, halving the length of a note
      - Anacrusis
- - - - Development
        
        Themes from the exposition are explored and transformed using modulations, rhythm changes, variations on the melody, tempo changes and more
      - Recapitulation
        
        Initial theme returns
        
        Second subject - stays in tonic
        
        First subject - stays in tonic
      - Exposition
        
        2 parts
        
        First subject - in the tonic (I)
        
        Second subject - in the dominant (VI)
- - - - A large musical composition for orchestra, choir and soloists
      - Similar to operas, but oftyen tell stories from the Bible
      - Main types of movements:
        
        Chorus
        
        Play an important role in the oratorio. Quite often they comment on the action; sometimes they voice of the choir become characters in the story
        
        Aria(or Air)
        
        Solo song performed with orchestra accompaniment
        
        Recitative
        
        Technique between singing and talking to tell the story clearly, minimal accompaniment. Quick action movement
      - Handel's 'Messiah'
        
        Use of melisma
        
        Single siillable to multiple notes
        
        Word-painting
        
        The music mimics the words, eg. using high notes for the word 'high' and low notes for the word 'low'
        
        Instrumentation
        
        Intended for a small audience(few dozen)
        
        48 countertenors
        
        Male alto
      - Texture
        
        Melody and accompaniment
        
        A main melody which can be played or sung, with an accompaniment
        
        Polyphonic/Contrapuntal
        
        When two or more parts move independently of each other
        
        Monophonic
        
        A single line of music with no accompaniment
        
        Homophonic
        
        Music moving in blocks/chords. This literally means 'sounding together'.
- - - - Christian(usually Catholic) religious service, reaffirming a Catholic's faith.
      - It includes the Holy Communion, being a very important part for worship in Catholic faith
      - Often interpreted as sending people towards God/dismissing any quarrels between God and the people
      - Made up of prayers, many are sung through song
      - Divided into 2 parts
        
        Mass ordinary
        
        Includes the 5 standard prayers of the Mass used every day - the Kyrie, Gloria, Credo, Sanctus, and Agnus Dei
        
        Mass proper
        
        Includes 15 prayers which change every day to focus on the specific occasion that is being celebrated in the church calendar - the most important ones being Easter and Christmas