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Copying and Distributing via Digital Media, Digital Media Ethics, Ch3 -…
Copying and Distributing via Digital Media
Illegal downloading vs stealing
Stealing physical copy of CD
Downloading illegaly music from internet
Making illegal physical copy of an legal physical copy
Problem of new technologies
Analogy from what we know
Different approaches by Dan Burk
Copyright in Europe
Deontological ethics
Intellectual property in the USA
Utilitarian ethics
Copyleft/FLOSS
FLOSS = Free/Libre/Open Source Software
Free Software Foundation, Richard Stallman
Opposition to commercial development of profit-oriented proprietary software and the copyright schemes seen to protect such software
Free software is a matter of the users' freedom to run, copy, distribute, study, change and improve the software, 4 kinds of freedom (the programme is a free software if users have ALL of these freedoms = benefits to the whole community)
Open Source Initiative, Eric Raymond
Goal of making free software more attractive to for-profit business
Difference of approach towards intellectual property shaped by culture = different understanding of copying and distribution ethics
Confucian tradition: copying is an activity that expresses highest respect for the work of the author - author desires others to benefit from his work, not himself
Ubuntu in African cultural tradition - emphasis on community as whole and its harmony, sharing
Western systems - emphasis mainly on individuals and their exclusive property right
Buddhist sense of the empirical self
David Pogue
Generation gap and copyright morality
Inclusive vs exclusive property rights
Inclusive = users' freedom, Copyleft/FLOSS
Exclusive = right of individual owner to exclude others from use and access of his property
Creative Commons - recognises and protects individual rights plus recognises rights of others to access and use
Ubuntu
UNIX, Linux, Linus Torvald
Wikipedia
Firefox, Thunderbird
Deontological ethics - emphasis on duties to respect and protect rights of others = obeying the law
Issue of just vs unjust laws
Martin Luther King Jr. and Mahatma Gandhi - "we are morally obliged to follow just laws, we are allowed, even morally obliged, to disobey unjust laws"
Which laws are just and which unjust?
Eudaimonia = our own contentment and wellbeing
Herman Tavani (inspired by Michael McFarland) and his framework based on Aristotle's virtue ethics
Information is a common good and its essential nature is to be shared rather than treated as an inclusive property
Meta-ethical frameworks, ethical relativism, absolutism, pluralism
"Hacker ethics", 1960
Some of the software is proprietary
Digital Media Ethics, Ch3