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The structure and mechanics of the locomotor system, Nama : Cherry Permata…
The structure and mechanics of the locomotor system
BONE FORMATION PROCESS
Intramembranous Ossification
the process of bone formation from directly converted (undifferentiated) mesenchymal tissue
Endocoral Ossification
Endochoral ossification begins with mesenchymal cells that differentiate into cartilage cells (chondroblasts).
Muscle Building Structure
Cell Membran
called the sarkolemma or plasmalemma
cytoplasm
called sarcoplasma
Endoplasmic Reticulum
called Srkoplasmic Reticulum
Mytochondria
called sarcosomes
Microfilaments
called Myofibrils
Energy for Muscle Contraction
The most readily available source of energy for muscle contraction is adenosine triphosphate, abbreviated as ATP. Furthermore, ATP is a source of energy contained in muscle fibers as a source of sudden energy for muscle contraction.
Sympathetic & Parasymphatetic
parasympathetic
is the nerve that controls homeostasis and the body at rest and is responsible for the "rest and digest" function of the body
The sympathetic
controls the body's response to perceived threat and is responsible for the "fight or flight" response
Conctraction and Relaxation Muscle
Muscle contraction
is a state when the muscles tighten and shorten so that they can then move the bones or skeleton of the body
The mechanism of muscle contraction starts from the central nervous system as the body's control center. The central nervous system, both the brain and spinal cord fire impulses or action potentials to motor neurons. The action potential then propagates to the ends of the muscle fibers triggering the release of acetylcholine.
Relaxation
is a condition when the muscles are stretched again
f there is a lot of ATP in myosin, then it can contract. Conversely, when ATP is reduced, the muscles will slowly stop contracting and return to their normal or elongated (relaxed) state. The second cause is a signal or impulse.
The Structure and mechanism of the locomotor system
Bones
function as an active locomotor
types of muscle
Skeletal Muscle
Smooth Muscle
Cardiac Muscle
Muscle Disorders
Muscular dystrophy
Myasthenia gravis.
Myopathy
Myositis (including polymyositis amd dermatomyositis
Peripheral Neuropathy
Somatic Nerve
consists of 12 pairs of cranial nerves and 31 pairs of cranial nerves spinal.
Cranial nerves
These nerves are composed only of sensory fibres, but are mostly composed of sensory and motor fibres.
Spinal nerves
combined motor and sensory nerves, carry information to the cord via afferent neurons and leave via efferent.
Types Of Bone
Pipebone
example : The Femur
Short Bones
example : The wrist bones
Flat Bones
example : the shoulder bone
Irregular Bones
example : The Jawbone
Bone Structure & Function
Periosteum
Bones Compact
Bones Sponge
Endosteum
Marrow Bone
Bones Function
muscle attachment site
mineral storage
facilitate body movement
site of formation of blood cells
site for immune cell production
body's energy store
Nama : Cherry Permata Putri 2208260137