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Hurdle technology and its types - Coggle Diagram
Hurdle technology and its types
WHAT IS HURDLE TECHNOLOGY?
Hurdle technology is a method of ensuring the safety of foods by eliminating or controlling the growth of pathogens, making the food safe for consumption and extending its shelf life through the application of a combination of technologies and approaches.
TYPE OF HURDLE
Physico-chemical
Maillard reaction product
salt
low water activity
water is required for microbial growth, enzyme/chemical reactions
pathogenic microorganisms cannot grow at aw<0.86
the lower the aw the longer the storage life
smoking
low pH
acidity slows down growth of spoilage organisms and pathogens
above pH 4.5, must sterilize for shelf stability
below pH 4.5, can pasteurize
sodium nitrite
lactic acid
effective against pathogenic organism like M.Tuberculosis, L.Momocytogens
sodium/potassium sulphite
spices and herb
Microbial
bacteriocins
protective cultures
antibiotic
competitive flora
packaging film
edible coating
active coated
plastic
multilayer
Electromagnetic energy
radio frequency
1-500 MHz mild preservation
applied to heat processes food
pulsed magnetic field
microwave
alternate electric field -500 to 1000MHz
fast heating by internal molecular
high electric fields
High temperature
blanching
applied to fruits and vegetables
commonly practiced when food is to be frozen
depending on its severity, also destroys microorganisms
pasteurization
mild heat treatment (e,g., 63°C for 30 min )
destroys vegetative pathogens
high product quality
sterilization
complete destruction of microorganisms
destroy spores
give "shelf-stable" product
evaporation
extrusion
frying
baking
Aseptic packaging
Low temperature
chilling
-1°C to +7°C
freezing
generally -18°C to -30°C
long-term preservation (months to yeas)
stops microbial growth respiration
Modified atmospheric packaging
vacuum packaging
moderate vacuum
gas packaging
active packaging
Radiation
ultraviolet
260nm- most efficient
low pressure mercury lamp-emission at 254nm
spore and moulds-resistant
ionizing
very high energy
kill organism depending on dose
Physical