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ENERGY TRANSFERS - Coggle Diagram
ENERGY TRANSFERS
name the 8 energy stores
chemical
elastic potential
thermal
kinetic
gravitational potential
magnetic
nuclear
electrostatic
describe 4 ways in which energy can be transferred between stores
by heating
by a force doing work
electrically
by radiation (on waves)
state ways of insulating homes
double glazing
insulation
thicker walls
carpets
what is thermal conductivity?
a measure of the rate at which a material conducts energy from a thermal store
a material with a high thermal conductivity is a good conductor
a material with a low thermal conductivity is a good insulator
how can unwanted energy transfers be reduced?
insulating homes
streamlining vehichles
lubricate moving parts
what are energy resources used for?
generating electricity
heating
transport
what are 3 fossil fuels?
coal
oil
gas
what do the words renewable and non-renewable mean?
renewable = energy that can be replenished when it is being used up (won't run out)
state the renewable energy resources
solar
advantages
renewable
no fuel costs
no gas emissions
disadvantages
solar cells are expensive
not reliable (can't make electricity at night)
geothermal
advantages
renewable
reliable
no gas emissions
no fuel costs
disadvantages
can only be placed in volcanic areas
to build a geothermal power station is expensive
wind
advantages
renewable
no gas emissions
no fuel costs
disadvantages
not reliable (dependant on the weather)
sound & visual pollution
tidal
advantages
renewable
no gas emissions
no fuel costs
predictable
disadvantages
can only generate twice a day when the tide comes in
building a tidal barrage is expensive
feeding grounds of wadding birds are flooded
biofuels
advantages
renewable
-carbon neutral
disadvantages
uses space and water that could be used for growing crops
hydroelectricity
advantages
renewable
no gas emissions
no fuel costs
short start up time
reliable
disadvantages
large scale schemes flood land and damage habitats
large scale schemes build dams which are expensive
wave
advantages
renewable
no gas emissions
no fuel costs
disadvantages
hazard to boats
disturb habitats and marine animals
not reliable (dependant on wind conditions)
non-renewable = energy that will eventually run out
state the non-renewable energy resources
fossil fuels
advantages
reliable
cost effective
produces a good supply
disadvantages
non- renewable
release carbon dioxide
coal and oil release sulphur dioxide
nuclear
advantages
reliable
good/ efficient supply
doesn't release carbon dioxide
disadvantages
non-renewable
waste is radioactive for thousands of years
slow start up time
expensive to decommission
which energy resources are reliable?
fossil fuels
nuclear
hydroelectric
geothermal
tidal
what is efficiency?
the proportion of energy that is usefully transferred
efficiency = useful energy output / total energy input
what is power?
the rate at which energy is usefully transferred
power = energy / time
what eventually happens to all energy?
It is transferred to the thermal store of its surroundings causing them to get warmer