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henry vii foreign policy, essay on foreign policy aims success/failure -…
henry vii foreign policy
developing diplomacy 1485-92
rivalry pre 1485 with france
hundred year war with france, loss of french land except calais
france in a strong position - political, military and revenue
unification of spain
1479 castile and aragon united-led by ferdinand and isabella
by 1494 ;spain' and mainly france in conflict over land in italy (england delegated to second rate power)
england was on the sidelines = advantage
truces
france 1485- one year truce extended to january 1489
brittany jul;y 1486 commerical treaty
scotland 1486- 3 year truce with james iii,when he died james iv was only a minor so threat was reduced
hre january 1487-renewed edward iv's treaty for 1 year (friendship)
1487-lambert simnel rising. german mercenaries, ireland and burgundy supported lambert simnel
1487-92 breton crisis
france wanted control of brittany and 1489 treaty of redon promised military aid to defend britanny
april 1489 6,000 troops to breton - successful at first but french bought of maximillian and britain forced to concede
dec 1491 charles viii of france amrries anne of brittany - henry now in a weak position
henry declared his intention to claim the french throne, 26,000 men to siege boulogne
many historians claim that henry went to war due to french support of warbeck and financial greed
3rd november 1492-treaty of etaples
french paid henry's expenses for war, france keeps brittany says they will no longer support rebe;s. 745,000 gold crowns, 50,000 crowns per year
1489 treaty of medina del campo
marriage agreed between prince arthur and catherine of aragon both aged 3. agreed not to support rebels and agreed that if one country was at war with france, the other would intervene
successful diplomacy 1493-1502
1495 league of venice
european rules feared that france was becoming too powerful so pope, ferdinand, maximillian, venice and milan formed the league of venice in hopes to drive charles out of italy
1496 ferdinand realised it was too dangerous to exclude henry and by october 1496 ferdinand and henry agreed to a further marriage agreement
1496 became known as the holy league and henry made it known that he was not going to war with france
1491-99 rising of perkin warbeck
perkin warbeck involved other rulers and received support from them, complicated and jeopardised henry's foreign policy
1497 truce of ayton with scotland
after losing faith in warbeck, james iv agreed to the truce however it was not complete until the execution of warbeck. no agreements between the two since 1328. seled by the marriage of james to margaret (henry's daughter) in 1503. their peace relied on peace between france and england
1501 marriage of arthur and catherine
october 1501 C arrived in england with 10,000 crowns of her dowry. 14th her and arthur marry. catherine's sister joanna married philip of burgundy which tied countries closer together
magnuc intercursus 1496
trade treaty between england and burgundy. burgundy agreed not to harbour or support pretenders. 1493 trade embargo with burgundy because they supported warbeck
challenging diplomacy 1503-09
arthurs death 1502 5 weeks after his death fredinand and isabella concluded marriage with prince henry however needed dispensation from pope as catherine was related to henry, came too late in 1504
elizabeth death 1503 - no hope of more children.
isabella of castille death 1503 - philip of burgundy forced joanna of naples to take her inheritance, spain and burgundy were now rivals and henry struggled to keep the support of both.
1505 - relations with burgundy
1506 philip took shelter at english court which made perfect chance to form treaty. treaty of windsor - henry would marry philips sister margaret of savoy, 1506 malus intercursus
1506 - restore links with spain
philip died, his wife joanna became joanna of castille. henry sought joanna as his wife but ferdinand refused and also refused to send the rest of catherine's dowry
1508 league of cambrai
3 way treaty between england, netherlands and france. reinstated magus intercursus. offered prince henry as husband for louis xii's neice. he decided he should not jeopardise understanding with ferdinand over italy. league of cambrai signed against venice, pope, louis xii, maximillian, archduke charles and ferdinand. - turned europe's attention away from henry in the end of his life
essay on foreign policy aims success/failure