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Energy - Coggle Diagram

- - - - no concentration terms in rate equation
      - K in units of concentration/time
    - - 1 concentration term in rate equation (either A or B)
      - k has units of 1/time
      - rate=k/[A] and [A]=[A]e^(-kt) at t=0
    - - 2 concentration terms in rate equation (either AB, A^2, B^2)
      - k is in units 1/(concentration x time)
      - 1/[A] = kt
  - - - since looking for when [A]=1/2 [a] at t, so half life=ln(2)/k
    - - half life=[A]0/ 2k
    - - half life= 1/k[A]0
- - - - energy cannot be created or destroyed in the isolated system
      - internal energy (U)=Enthalpy(H)
    - - entropy increases to a max in an isolated system
      - relates Free energy and entropy
    - - Entropy(S) is 0 when system is at absolute 0, and ways of arranging a molecules is 0
      - as temperature increases so does entropy
    - - if system A is in thermal equilibrium with B and B is in thermal equilibrium with C than A is in thermal equilibrium with C
- - - - force oxygen into bomb, using high pressure, containing the sample
      - pass current through to ignite oxygen
      - measure temperature change
      - can be used to calculate energy change
    - - pack ice into chambers surrounding sample
      - burning the sample melts some ice, and collect water
      - placing animals in can be used to measure energy of resting rate of animal (shows metabolic rate and animal size are linear increase on log-log)
  - - - membrane is permeable to small ligand but impermeable to large proteins
      - put known protein volume in bag and put this bag into a beaker of known liquid concentration
      - over time the ligand concentration will become equal, and ligand will bind to protein so unbound ligand concentration is higher out of bag
      - this sets up concentration gradient, if ligand is charged the voltage diffrence can be measured