1. THE STRUCTURE OF THE SENTENCE: POSITIVE AND NEGATIVE STATEMENTS, QUESTIONS AND EXCLAMATIONS

2.The sentence

Types of sentences

The simple sentence

The compound sentence

The complex sentence

relationship of subordination

3 groups

Nominal clauses

Relative clauses

Adverbial clauses

Defining

Non-defining

place

time

manner

condition

purpose

result

reason

concession

Syntactic structure

Type of complementation

Patterns of sentences

Depending on the elements they contain

SV

SVDo

SVIo

SVOiOd

SVAdv

SVC

SVDoAdv

SVDoC

According to their form

Declaratives

Interrogatives

Imperatives

Exclamatives

Yes/No Questions

Wh-Questions

Alternative Questions

According to their semantic values

Statements

Questions

Directives

Exclamations

Pragmatic classification of sentences

Commissives

Declaratives

Directives

Expressives

Representatives

3. Parts of the sentence

Subject

agentive

instrumental

affected by the action

recipient role

it may express time, place and events

empty subject

Predicate

verb (V)

complement (C)

object (O)

adverbial (A)

Intensive verbs (copular verbs)

Extensive verbs

Transitive

Intransitive

Prepositional

Direct object

Indirect object

The subject complement

The object complement

adverb phrase

noun phrase

prepositional phrase

non-finite clause

adverbial clause

4. The declarative sentence

Hierarchy: S, P, Do, Di, C, A

Inversion subject/verb

Structures with "here" and "there" in front position

When a sentence opens with an object preceded by "much" and "many"

When the subject is given special emphasis the verb comes first

When a negative adjunct takes front position in the sentence

As an alternative structure to an "if-clause"

Situational ellipsis of the subject

Position of objects

Io+Do

Do+to+Io

Position of adverbials

5. Negations

Verb negation

Word Negation

Negation in Word Formation

The Scope of Negation

6. Questions

Quirk

operator inmediately in front of the subject

initial placing of an interrogative wh-element

rising intonation

Yes/no Questions

WH-Questions

Alternative Questions

Tag questions

Declarative questions

Rhetorical questions

Echo questions

Who

Whom

Whose

What

Which

How

When

Where

Why

raising- failing intonation

8. Exclamations

Interjections

Exclamations beginning w/ the emphatic particles SO and SUCH

Echo exclamations

Exclamations beginning w/ WHAT and HOW

9. Formulaic expressions

greetings

introductions

apologies

seasonal greetings