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Non-state actors: BY ATRISHEKHAR - Coggle Diagram
Non-state actors: BY ATRISHEKHAR
They include organizations and individuals that are not affiliated with, directed by, or funded
through the government.
These include corporations, private financial institutions, and NGOs, as well as paramilitary and armed resistance groups.
Insurgency
A large number of insurgent groups are active in the North-East with demands ranging from separate state to regional autonomy to even complete independence. E.g.: Naga insurgents, ULFA.
Terrorism
Non-State Actors are mainly terrorist groups who execute terror attacks
Threats by Multinational companies (MNCs)
The actions of powerful mining MNCs like Vedanta and POSCO and subsequent encroachment of the lands of Adivasis results in the emergence of Naxal/ Maoist movements in these
Religious institutions and fanatics:
domestic extremist organisations
get financial & ideological support from external religious organisations and Foreign States (Pakistan, China etc.
Threat from NGOs
NGOs like Amnesty International force the government to repeal some acts like AFSPA which
can prove dangerous in some situations
Cyber Attacks
While cybercriminals indulge in such activities for monetary gains but cyber terrorists want to
further their political objectives
Security threats by Indian diaspora
diaspora in countries like UK, Canada, USA, Australia etc. supports the Khalistan issue
Islamic fundamentalism in Pakistan:
Naxalism:
measures
Centre-State Relations:
The constitutional mechanisms
like the National Integration Council (NIc), Development Council, etc. should be reinvigorated to discuss internal
Counter-Terrorism
The absence of a Central Institution to tackle terrorism has resulted in a fragmented approach
to terrorism
Border Management
Lack of a well-coordinated approach towards border management has rendered the
country’s borders insecure.
International Cooperation
o Achieve cooperation with other countries with regard to counterterrorism
o Have extradition treaties and agreements on criminal matters
o Get training and expertise from other countries
Research
Specialized research institutions should be set up to help formulate proper internal security policies on ethno-cultural studies of populations, groups, languages, social media and its impact, police and crime, conflict
Perception management
to strengthen perception management, a uniform and whole government approach towards a specific issue should be ensured.
Internet and social media
Urgent steps should be
taken against the growing radicalization through them.
Cyber security reforms
Emphasis should be on preparation of big data, their mining and analyses.
Future planning:
By 2050, 50 per cent of India will be urbanized. These urban and peri-urban areas could emerge
as areas of dissonance, which require attention through competent urban policing
