Please enable JavaScript.
Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.
MULTI-WORD VERBS - Coggle Diagram
MULTI-WORD VERBS
2. Phrasal verbs
colloquial and typical of spoken language
combination of a lexical verb and an adverbial particle
can take a variety of complements
Intransitive Phrasal Verbs
occur alone in the predicate
prepositional adverb (ellipsis)
Transitive Phrasal Verbs
Typically take a direct object
Different positions
[ V+DO+Adv. Part.] or [V+Adv. Part.+DO]
[V+DO+Adv. Part.]
[V+Adv.Part.+DO]
Ergative Phrasal Verbs
Either transitive or intransitive
Allows to describe an action from the point of view of the performers of the action
Allows to describe the action from the point of view of something which is affected by the action
Different meanings
3. Prepositional verbs
Close combinations, semantically associated
Meaning normally the sum of verb and preposition BUT not always
Intransitive Prepositional Verbs
Idiomatic BUT NOT a syntactic unit
Syntactically: Verb Phrase+Prepositional Phrase (as Prepositional Object)
Prepositional Objects vs. Adverbial Complements
Prepositional Objects vs. Direct Objects (Prepositional Objects=Subjects in Passive sentences)
Transitive Prepositional Verbs
Followed by two Noun Phrases (VO+Prep.O)
Many form an idiomatic unit w/ the verb and the preposition
4. Phrasal versus prepositional
Distinction by means of syntactic criteria
Idiomatic meaning
Quirk and Greenbaum (differ in at least 4 respects)
Stress in the preposition of the phrasal verb
The preposition always precedes the complement in prepositional verbs
An adverb can be placed between the verb and the preposition in prepositional verbs
A relative pronoun can often be preceded by a preposition (prepositional verbs) but not by a particle (phrasal verbs)
The interrogative particle can be preceded by preposition (prepositional verbs) but not by an adverb (phrasal verbs)
Both are usually followed by verbs in -ing, although they can express purpose through to + infinitive
5. Phrasal-prepositional verbs
Three-word inseparable verbs
go in for (be interested in)
put up with (tolerate)
stand up for (support)
look down on (scorn)
look forward to (anticipate)
run out of (exhaust)
do away with (eliminate)
lie down on (evade)
Most are INTRANSITIVE
Some are TRANSITIVE (2 objects)
Certain can occur in passive
6. Degrees of idiomaticity
Non-idiomatic (transparent meaning)
Semi-idiomatic (particle=intensifier or aspectual marker of perfectivity)
Fully idiomatic (opaque meaning)
7. Nouns and adjectives derived from phrasal verbs
Phrasal nouns
Adjectives used similarly to phrasal nouns