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Basic Anatomical Nomenclature, 8 main types of movement. - Coggle Diagram
Basic Anatomical Nomenclature
describe the position and orientation of a part or feature of the body in relation to other parts/features of that same body. Termed the autonomic position.
Body is standing erect or upright
Head or eyes are directed to the front
Upper limbs are relaxed and down the side of the body.
Hands are directed anterior or to the front and not rotated
Feet approximately shoulder width apart with the toes pointed towards the front.
The 3 cardinal planes of reference
The
coronal plane
aka the
frontal plane
, which divides the body into
anterior
and
posterior
portions
the
median plane
(aka the mid-
sagittal plane
) which divided the body into
equal right
and left parts
sagittal plane
runs parallel to the
medial plane,
but is
off centre
and leaves
uneven sections of the body
Axial plane
( Transverse. transaxially or horizontal, divides the body into
superior
and
inferior
portions
Superior
is used to describe
above
Distal
is used to describe
away
from the
trunk,
only used on
limbs
Proximal
used to describe
towards
the
trunk,
which is only used on
limbs
Inferior
is used to describe
below
.
Medial,
used to describe the
midline,
centre of the body
cranial/ Cephalic,
used to describe towards the
head
Rostral
is used to describe towards the
nose.
Ventral
, near the
belly.
Caudal
towards the
tail
Anterior,
towards the
Front
Posterior
towards the
back.
8 main types of movement.
Rotation
describes a
twisting motion
about an
axis
(e.g. the
forearm rotating around its longitudonal axis
, the
head twisting
around the axis of the atlantoaxial joint). This type of movement includes the subtypes of
pronation
and
supination
.
Abduction
, The
movement
of a
limb
away
from the
midline
(e.g. whilst in the anatomical position,
raising one leg out toward the side).
Adduction
is the
movement
of a limb
toward the midline
(e.g. from the final position outlined in the abduction example above,
moving that same limb back to its original position).
Eversion
, involves
Turning the
foot outwards
from the
midline**, at the ankle
Inversion,
is turning the foot
inwards towards
the
midline
, at the ankle
Circumduction
, is the movement, This
movement
describes a
combination
of
shoulder movements
so that the hand
traces
the
shape
of a
circle
whilst the
arm traces
the
shape of a cone
. It is produced by a combination of
shoulder flexion, abduction, extension and adduction, and vice versa in the opposite direction.
Flexion
describes the movement occurring when the
angle
of a
joint
is becoming more
acute.
This type of movement includes the sub-types of
dorsiflexion
and
plantarflexion.
Extension
is
opposite
to
flexion
and describes the movement occurring when the
angle
of a
joint
is becoming more
obtuse.
This type of movement includes the subtype
hyperextension.